I'd estimate 95 percent of the articles in the last 3 days about Spain and its low antibody count implied or said... "therefore herd immunity is unlikely."
Yet, the scientists being quoted must be aware of our T cell response...
Not even mentioning them in the articles... really manifests the said state of affairs in our journalism today.
Killer T-cells can save us
Scientists are learning more about the antibody responses to the virus. Most people who are exposed to the virus and experience symptoms produce antibodies -- but there are now some indications that they may not
last for long.
But it does not necessarily mean people can be reinfected. Memory B-cells, when encountering the same virus, can change into effector B-cells, producing the neutralizing antibodies needed to neutralize the virus. How long memory B-cells persist following exposure to coronavirus is currently unknown.
The last time Americans were asked to sacrifice daily life
It appears that successful clearance of the virus may lead to a pool of helper T-cells and killer T-cells that
are ready to respond to future threats. In fact, the most recent evidence suggests that some people who are asymptomatically infected by the virus
may only develop a T-cell response. So while these people might not have any antibodies, they may still be immune to the coronavirus.
The lack of an antibody response in some asymptomatic cases has profound implications for the current status of the pandemic in the US. Last week, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
estimated that only 6% of Americans have been infected by coronavirus. This is a long way from the 60-80% we need for herd immunity. But the CDC estimate was based solely on studies accounting for antibodies, and not those who have T-cells that may make them immune to the virus.
That means the CDC may be undercounting the total number of Americans who are immune to the virus. If these T-cell responses prove to be protective, it means that we may be closer to herd immunity than the 6% statistic suggests.
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That would be some good news in a terrible year.
Unravelling these immunological mysteries takes time. We are only six months into understanding how our body defends itself from this virus. The data is slowly emerging, and while there will be a continual refinement of our understanding of the immune processes that defend us, I am starting to see patterns in the data that give me hope that recovery from infection may lead to sustained protection from reinfection.
https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/07/opin...ccine-immunity-inoculation-bromage/index.html