Also look into all the success of tax increases and spending cuts during the recession and the "recovery" for the past 5+ years.
This is of course goes to the crux of the matter. The Reality versus "Austrian School" economic theory. Logic would tell you that if you are in debt, and your debt is growing rather than shrinking, you need to cut spending. (Certainly that's the case for those of us who can't link the bonds we issue, mortgages, car loans, etc., to a currency that we can talk others into using.) But governments and countries in recession, if they have their own currency linked to a bond, have other options.
Keynes pointed out that they're was a strong psychological factor feeding recessions, and if you did not do something about that, the simple equations that tell you to cut spending, raise revenues, or both, in recessions, would not, in practice, yield the expected result.
Richard Koo, the Nomura economist, has coined a term to describe what happens to people in debt during recessions. The term is "Debt Trauma", and I think it describes in two words why recessions get even worse when your cut spending and raise taxes.
It was on this point that Hayek and Keynes initially disagreed. Keynes recognized the role that debt trauma played, whereas Hayek did not. However Hayek later realized that he was wrong and modified his views. He came around to accepting that one should not raise taxes in a recession, nor cut spending, but he never fully accepted Keynes idea that spending should actually increase to stimulate consumption during a recession.
With all of the experience we have had with recessions, it is now clear that Keynes approach is much better, and that is why most, but not all, Central Banks and Treasuries follow, if they can, Keynesian economics during recessions.
We can see a modern version of the Hayek-Keynes debate taking place right now in the EU. Drahgi (the MIT, Ph.D. Economist who heads the ECB) is a Keynesian, Schauble (The Freiburg-Hamburg trained Lawyer and politician who is German Finance Minister) is Hayekian (is that a word?). After meeting with Schauble in 2012, Tim Geither described Schauble's plan to kick Greece out of the EU as "frightening". We shall see now how things turn out.
The most dramatic example of economic stimulus being used to lift an economy out of deep recession, and it happened during Keynes lifetime, was the rise of the Third Reich in Germany. This wasn't Keynesian in every respect, since there was no stable monetary system at the beginning, but the truly remarkable and stunningly rapid revival of the German economy under Hitler was accomplished with thoroughly Fiat "money," truly created out of nothing, a form of i.o.u.'s actually! Keynes is dead now, so sadly we can not ask his opinion, but I can't imagine he would have approved of the majority of the German stimulus being spent on armaments -- nevertheless the German economy of the late 1930s supports what Keynes often joked about. He was known to say that in a recession it really didn't matter what the government spent on, just so they spent.
__________________________
Roberk, here is a great article from last Fall in Bloomberg that your son will be able to read and comprehend.
http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/article...rd-keyness-theories-can-fix-the-world-economy
Incidentally, although Walter Heller was correctly quoted in the article, Heller was wrong. It wasn't Kennedy who was the First President to apply Keynesian economics, It was Roosevelt. Very late in the depression, and after Roosevelt made the mistake of making cuts and raising taxes at exactly the wrong time, he reversed his position. He realized his error, after meeting with Keynes by the way.