Quote from I Missed Boat:
epistemology is the study of what we can know and how we can know it. But in order to live as part of a society, we must operate under the assumption that our logical system is sound, for it (centered on math) is the best and most objective truth we can know. Starting with this, we can definitely make some defensible statements about what is fair. There is a difference between defensible and being able to eliminate all other values, for value statements are inherently relative. However, there are also values that are commonly recognized across societies and that many suggest are at least somewhat innate (at least in most people, barring being brainwashed). These values, coupled with logical arguments for their implementation through tangible rules, provide a basis for making many moral judgements (although clearly there will always be, even in war times, many other, perhaps many more, disputable grey areas).
You have already pointed to many exceptions, which in logic and math are unnacceptable. In addition, your basic assumption that we "must" operate under the assumption that our logical system is sound is false. We 'must' not do any such thing, we may, however, choose to do so and as such accept the possibility of error in any subsequent calculation/reasoned response.
