Good to start thinking about these financial concepts as eventually you'll want to migrate away from the "noise" and "random" nature of trading. Geometric compounding over longer holding periods affords higher probability statistical outcomes with less work.
Some pioneers of fundamental metrics research 1) James O'Shaunessy "Price to Book
2) Eugene Fama and John French factor models
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OmZ88C9QyL4ioa3N26AGwDYf7a7K8WD7hz1rbcHhYtU/edit?usp=sharing
3) William O'neil / Investors Business Daily proprietary relative strength / Earnings per share screens
http://stockmarketinvestingtoday.com/how-to-screen-for-stocks-using-the-ibd/
Academic research on pricing metrics has been much more visible and prevalent over the past 15 - 20 years. With the advent of the internet, it has been much easier to access than when I started in the late 80's. IBD was a big help in my asset accrual in the 90's, although now I use index ETFs.
Measuring and comparing debt and revenue levels may be more important for "close to retirement / retired" investors holding large cap dividend stocks for "income" . The level of debt service is somewhat correlated to the ability of the company to be able to pay it's didvend and keep it's dividend growing vs. inflation.
If you are in the young investor demographic ( age 20 - 55 ) then your goal would most likely be the maximizing your asset growth ( which large cap dividend payers won't do vs. the use of small cap value or small mid sized growth stock universes )
