"Optional 777 / Art / zz /fefum / whatever"
stu/stu/stu/stu/stu/whatever
stu/stu/stu/stu/stu/whatever
But they arenât. They may well be subject to the opinion of the reader, but not for their meaning. The words mean what they are commonly understood to mean. The Court knows what they mean and uses a common meaning of words.John loans Jim $1000 but Jim never needs to repay. Jim's opinion of the meaning of the word loan is gift.There are 10 words in the First Amendment, the Establishment Clause, that are subject to the opinion of the reader for their meaning.
Seriously, do you know how words work and how they are subject to common meaning?Seriously, do you have any understanding of how the law works, and how it is subject to judicial opinion?
Yes they are. You are. Saying they are subject to opinion only for the reader of them to find their meaning, is challenging their actual meaning. That I would say is a dishonest argument, if for no other reason than itâs an obvious absurdity.No one is challenging the 10 words,...
No, that was your question and not what the argument was about.....the question is what do they actually mean as the law is applied, what was the intent of the Framers, and what is the spirit behind the Establishment Clause
Then both my definition and the courts are up for scrutiny arenât they? But not so for you. The Courtâs opinion is right by default because you defer to it, because you agree with it. Your argument is an appeal to authority whether or not the authority might be right or wrong.You have your definitions, the court has different ones when it comes to the term religion and the pledge
This does not show how The Pledge is Consistent With the Establishment Clause. It just says it is.b. This Court Has Uniformly Stated The Pledge is
Consistent With the Establishment Clause and is Thus
Constitutional. Petitioners submit the EGUSD policy is also constitutional because this Court has repeatedly observed that the Pledge is consistent with the Establishment Clause. While the specific issue of whether the Pledge as currently codified is constitutional has not heretofore been expressly decided by this Court, the subject of the constitutionality of patriotic expressions containing references to God, such as the Pledge, have been discussed by this Court for over forty years.
00248850.DOC 30
This is not about the Declaration of Independence or about references to [a] The Deity* or about singing officially espoused anthems. It is about the action of Congress passing a law respecting an establishment of religion. Under God is respecting an establishment of religion because God is nothing else but a word which connects only with establishments of religion and thereby respects an establishment of religion.In Engel, this Court held that state officials could not require
the recitation of a prayer in public schools at the beginning of each school day, even if the prayer was denominationally neutral and students who did not wish to participate could be excused while the prayer was being recited. 370 U.S. at 430-33. In reaching its conclusion, this Court noted: There is of course nothing in the decision reached here that is inconsistent with the fact that school children and others are officially encouraged to express love for our country by reciting historical documents such as the Declaration of Independence which contain references to the Deity or by singing officially espoused anthems which include the composerâs professions of faith in a Supreme Being, or with
the fact there are many manifestations in our public life of
belief in God. Such patriotic or ceremonial occasions bare no
true resemblance to the unquestioned religious exercise that
the State of New York has sponsored in this instance.
Id. at 435 n.21.
It is not observance, readings or recitations I am arguing about. It is the very action of Congress which passed a law respecting (in regard of or in relation to) an establishment (an order or system or institution) of religion( expressed belief in a deity). That is what is in question. Children should be free to say prayers or not, say the Pledge or not, read the Declaration of Independence or not, but Congress should not itself pass law which is respecting an establishment of religion. It has done. That's all. What's so difficult to grasp?One year later, Justice Brennan examined the allegedly
secular justification behind a statute requiring daily readings from
the Bible noting the justification was to foster harmony and tolerance among the pupils, to enhance the authority of the teacher and to inspire better discipline. Schempp, 374 U.S at 280 (Brennan, J.,concurring). He then questioned why ânon-religious meansâ could not have been used to achieve the noted goals.
It has not been shown that readings from the speeches and
messages of great Americans, for example, or from the
documents of our heritage of liberty, daily recitation of the
Pledge of Allegiance, or even the observance of a moment of
reverent silence at the opening of class, may not adequately
serve the solely secular purposes of the devotional activities
without jeopardizing either the religious liberties of any
members of the community or the proper degree of
separation between the spheres of religion and government.
00248850.DOC 31
This opinion - of the Justice's opinion - is invalid to this argument. It is also incorrect. The word God is not without religious purpose or meaning. If that is the case, the words Christ, Allah and The Almighty, St Paul, The Virgin Mary, are without religious purpose or meaning too. So are the words used in this âopinion of an opinionâ link of yours, The Deity, Supreme Being are now meaningless words to the Court. Your link contains utter twaddle.Id. at 281. Thus, Justice Brennan did not consider the Pledge to be a statement of religious expression. Justice Brennan went on to explain that certain activities do not have religious meaning due to the fact that such activities have been so interwoven into the fabric of our society that their use âmay well not present that type of involvement which the First Amendment prohibits.â Id. at 303.
He found this principle insulates various patriotic exercises and activities utilized in public schools which, whatever their origins, have ceased to have any religious purpose or meaning. Id. As a result, the reference to God in the Pledge merely recognizes the historical fact that our nation was believed to be founded under God. Id.
The Christmas creche is nothing to do with invoking something by law. The City is not Congress. They did not invoke a law to insert a creche into a public pledge. Red herring.In Lynch, this Court considered the constitutionality of the
cityâs placement of a creche in a Christmas display that was situated in a park owned by a non-profit organization. 465 U.S. at 671. This Court recognized our nationâs history contains numerous official references to vows or invocations of divine guidance in deliberations and pronouncements of the founding fathers. Id. at 675.
Examples include references to God in the national motto (âIn God We Trustâ) and in the Pledge (âone nation under Godâ). Id. at 676.
This Court noted that such references to God are consistent with our history and do not violate the Establishment ClauseId.
Importantly, the Court made this statement while also acknowledging the Pledge is recited by many thousands of public school children each year. Id.
Thus, it is difficult to understand how the Newdow II majority reaches the conclusion that recitation of the Pledge has a coercive effect on objecting students who must listen to willing students recite the Pledge, when this Court has previously acknowledged recitation of the Pledge is constitutional in public schools.
Already dealt with. I already acknowledged and indeed insist, everyone should be free to do all that and more. Government can express the religious culture by a declaration of Thanksgiving as a public holiday or whatever they want. The freedom to practice and freedom from practicing is what counts. And the difference is, it becomes unconstitutional when Congress passes law which states the government approval of religious belief. âunder Godâ is a statement which is directly respecting religious belief to be enshrined in law. That's what respecting an establishment of religion IS, thatâs what Unconstitutional IS.In concurring in this Courtâs decision in Lynch, Justice
OâConnor noted that the creche was, [N]o more an endorsement of religion than such governmental âacknowledgmentsâ of religion as legislative prayers of the type approved in Marsh (citation omitted), government declaration of Thanksgiving as a public holiday, 00248850.DOC 32 printing of âIn God We Trustâ on coins, and opening court sessions with âGod save the United States and this honorable court.â Those government acknowledgments of religion serve, in the only ways reasonably possible in our culture, the legitimate secular purposes of solemnizing public occasions, expressing confidence in the future, and encouraging the recognition of what is worthy of appreciation in society. For
that reason, and because of their history and ubiquity, those
practices are not understood as conveying government
approval of particular religious beliefs.
Id. at 692-93.
This stuff in your link appears to be the equivalent of a religious law apologistâs version of the pseudo science concoctions by the creationists and is why I didnât and still donât consider it worthy of its server space. Take some case law, irrespective of direct relevance, apply contorted logic to it and finally wrap it up in legalese. Voila, argument dodged.
Your preference to defer to the stuff shown in your link offers no sign of an imperative on your behalf to do other than take everything associated with religion and law entirely at face value wherever it suits your purpose.
nb: * I hadn't previously noticed this refers to THE Deity. According to your link The Court refers to a Supreme Being but THE Deity? Quote: â.....Declaration of Independence which contain references to The Deity". Factually incorrect.
The Declaration of Independence contains references to what might possibly by inference be assumed as... a deity, but an ambiguous one at that. âNature's Godâ and âtheir Creator â are not The Deity by any stretch.
Their judgeships need to get out more, or is it that the comments written in your link are the work of someone who has it religiously lodged in their brain that there can only be one deity. Pseudo opinion, pseudo law, from a pseudo lawyer perhaps.
