You think the other countries do not have their self interest at hand? They have the unfair trade advantage which is why they are not going to give it up willingly. That is why you need the tariffs as a cudgel! What the US has is leverage because we are probably, the largest market on the planet. If they want to continue doing business in the US, they have to engage in fair trade which is simply, this. If you export $100 billion into the US, you have to buy $100 billion in US products! Why do you think the Chinese suddenly, promises to buy another $200 billion in US products? That is to alleviate our anger and demand for fair trade. If we had fair trade, we would not be adding to the deficits because both sides would be equal to zero without a surplus! A win-win for both countries.
Now, what happens in a trade war? Tariffs are levied on products of both countries. Who loses out? The countries with larger exports loses out! This is just simple math. Say China levies a 25% tariff on US goods and we retaliate by levying 25% tariff on Chinese goods in turn. I read China exports like $200 billion to the US but, buys only $50 billion in US goods? Do the math. Who is going to collect more tariffs? When Chinese goods become more expensive, it hurts US consumers per the arguments of liberals. Not necessarily. Take note, most goods now are produced by multiple countries. So, poorer countries goods could end up being cheaper than Chinese goods. If I have to buy foreign goods, I will not reward China if we have a trade war with them? Why should I? That is aside from the fact that another import probably, is just as good and now, cheaper? Here is the kicker, when Chinese goods become too expensive from tariffs, demand goes down quite a bit. Chinese companies suffer huge losses, layoffs at Chinese companies now struggling. Whose economy took the bigger hit?
A trade skirmish started after the Financial Crisis of 2008/2009 in the form of legal actions against foreign branded companies. For example, Volkswagon and the emissions scandal in the United States and Microsoft as well as Google anti-trust actions in Europe.
Government actions such as listed above increase the cost and risk of doing business in that country. This will lead to either less business being done or higher prices. The net effect of this is a tax paid by a company that productivly uses capital to a Government that hisorically does not utilize money effectively.
The net effect of this is higher unemployment than would be otherwise. If prices go up, less people will be able to afford the product, demand goes down, and there is less need for employees. If the business decides to not expand because of regulatory fears or marginal producers leave the affected industry, employment is affected directly and unemployment rates go up.
Increased trade tariffs will have the effect of lowering domestic demand for foreign goods and lower foreign demand for domestic goods because of higher prices. In addition, most citizens in other countries tend to be very nationalistic. They will tend to boycott U.S. goods in protest to the U.S. action of attempting to change the trade status quo. Furthermore, demand dislocations will upset industries that directly or indirectly provide for or rely on the trade tariff affected industry or industries.
The predictable end result of a trade war is reduced economic activity and increased unemployment. Given the high global government, business, and consumer debt in most countires, the potential for a catastrophic economic outcome is high in our very connected and leveraged world.
The point of renegotiating trade agreements is to get an actual agreement, not escalating trade tensions.
Most of the world powers know what a trade war can bring. The Great Depression of the 1930’s and World War II was the result of a trade war according to many scholars.
Hopefully, a sustainable trade agreement can be reached before the global economy takes its plunge.