Biochem Pharmacol. 2006 May 14;71(10):1397-421. Epub 2006 Feb 23.
Molecular targets of dietary agents for prevention and therapy of cancer.
Aggarwal BB, Shishodia S.
Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The
University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Box 143, 1515 Holcombe
Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. aggarwal at mdanderson.org
While fruits and vegetables are recommended for prevention of cancer and
other diseases, their active ingredients (at the molecular level) and their
mechanisms of action less well understood. Extensive research during the
last half century has identified various molecular targets that can
potentially be used not only for the prevention of cancer but also for
treatment. However, lack of success with targeted monotherapy resulting from
bypass mechanisms has forced researchers to employ either combination
therapy or agents that interfere with multiple cell-signaling pathways. In
this review, we present evidence that numerous agents identified from fruits
and vegetables can interfere with several cell-signaling pathways. The
agents include curcumin (turmeric), resveratrol (red grapes, peanuts and
berries), genistein (soybean), diallyl sulfide (allium), S-allyl cysteine
(allium), allicin (garlic), lycopene (tomato), capsaicin (red chilli),
diosgenin (fenugreek), 6-gingerol (ginger), ellagic acid (pomegranate),
ursolic acid (apple, pears, prunes), silymarin (milk thistle), anethol
(anise, camphor, and fennel), catechins (green tea), eugenol (cloves),
indole-3-carbinol (cruciferous vegetables), limonene (citrus fruits), beta
carotene (carrots), and dietary fiber. For instance, the cell-signaling
pathways inhibited by curcumin alone include NF-kappaB, AP-1, STAT3, Akt,
Bcl-2, Bcl-L), . . .
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