By Michael S. Derby
A DOW JONES NEWSWIRES COLUMN
NEW YORK (Dow Jones)--It is likely to be a long, long time before the Federal Reserve raises interest rates, new research from the San Francisco Fed argues.
In a note published Monday, bank economist Glenn Rudebusch weighs the task of unwinding the current course of monetary policy. He writes that the task before the Fed is likely to take "a significant period of time" given the projected environment of low inflation and slow-to-recover employment markets.
The cornerstone of the report is Rudebusch's road map for the federal- funds rate, which now rests at effectively zero percent. Given where the economy is, and where it is likely to be, the economist said it looks as if the central bank won't need to move the target rate from its current perch until late 2012. Indeed, while short-term rates can't go below zero, a rule-based monetary policy regime argues the funds rate should be at around negative 5% right now, only hitting zero by the end of 2012.
Rudebusch notes this fed funds rate outlook is highly driven by what policy makers have forecast for the economy. He said, "The benchmark policy rule would prescribe an earlier or later increase in the funds rate if unemployment or inflation rose or fell more rapidly than predicted in the forecasts."
The San Francisco Fed economist countered the fears of some, like Kansas City Fed President Thomas Hoenig, who worry maintaining the current state of monetary policy is setting the stage for future financial imbalances. "The linkage between the level of short-term interest rates and the extent of financial imbalances is quite erratic and poorly understood," the analyst wrote, noting Japan has had a very stimulative policy in place for a very long time "with no sign of building financial imbalances."
The San Francisco Fed report comes at a time when central bank officials have been trying to sort out how they will exit from the complicated array of programs and policies put in place over the course of the financial crisis. While officials largely agree no action is imminent, they are planning out a course of action to follow when the recovery is deemed mature enough.
Over the course of the recession, the Fed launched a serious of complex and controversial emergency lending programs. Meanwhile, it bought more than $1 trillion worth of mortgage securities and slashed interest rates to zero percent.
The emergency lending programs have now largely left the stage, mostly because financial firms no longer needed them and could get the liquidity they need via private markets. But the rest of what lies head of the Fed is complicated, and the task before it has never been tested, and thus is risky.
The comments of key officials, along with other documents from the Fed, have increasingly settled on an exit path that suggests the Fed will enter into some sort of temporary reserve draining around the time short-term interest rates are pushed higher. While some officials like Philadelphia Fed President Charles Plosser want to start selling assets sooner rather than later, most central bankers appear to favor putting this action late in a tightening cycle, given that these sales have the potential to be disruptive to financial markets and push borrowing costs higher.
When it comes to asset sales, Rudebusch said, "there is little historical experience to help predict the timing and magnitude of the effects of selling securities." He added: "This uncertainty suggests that balance sheet renormalization should proceed cautiously and that short-term interest rates should remain the key tool of monetary policy."