Is design in biology real or apparent? Clearly, there are two possible answers to this question. Neo-Darwinism provides one answer to the question and intelligent design provides the opposite answer. By almost all accounts the Darwinian answer to this question is a scientific proposition. But what then is the status of the opposite answer? If the proposition âJupiter is made of methane gasâ is a scientific proposition, then the proposition âJupiter is not made of methane gasâ would seem to be a scientific proposition as well. If the proposition âhumans have free willâ is classified as a metaphysical (rather than scientific) claim, then the proposition âhumans do not have free willâ should logically be classified in the same way.
The negation of a proposition does not make it a different type of claim. Similarly, the claim âthe appearance of design in biology does not result from actual designâ and the claim "the appearance of design in biology does result from actual designâ are not two different kinds of propositions; they represent two different answers to the same question, a question that has long been part of evolutionary biology. Indeed, it is impossible to understand Darwinâs argument in The Origin of Species apart from understanding how he argues against the 19th-century version of the design hypothesis. The Darwinian mechanism (which functions in Darwinian thought as a kind of "designer substitute" ) and the theory of intelligent design are dialectical complements. Thus, if one is scientific, then it would seem, prima facie, that the other is scientific as well.