You might have noticed that the graphics on a line chart are so jagged it is easy to mistake a temporary pullback in an upward or downward trajectory as a wholesale reversal in the overall trend.
This is due to an aspect of price movement often referred to as “chop.” The term refers to a reoccurring up and down fluctuation of price, typically in the short term (within a short period of time) around an asset’s intrinsic value, often with no clearly defined up or down trend (i.e., the asset fails to gain any significant ground in either direction).
Chop can lead to a trader experiencing significant loss as a result of whipsaw—when price is moving in one direction, but then quickly pivots to move in the opposite direction. The initial move will entice a trader to execute a trade in the corresponding direction. However, price continues along that trajectory for only a very short time, and then suddenly surges in the opposite direction, losing ground relative to the asset’s original position, thereby handing the trader or investor a loss.
The origin of the term whipsaw is derived from the push and pull action of lumberjacks when cutting wood with a saw of the same name. A trader is considered to be "whipsawed" when the price of a security s/he has just invested in abruptly moves in the opposite and unexpected direction.
In a choppy market, this can happen over and over again, leading to a trader dying the death of a thousand cuts.
The best solution to this problem is perhaps to replace the confusing, haphazard, saw-toothed line segments generated by raw data with what is known as a moving average.
Rather than connect each and every individual data point, a moving average calculates the mean of a specified number of points, and then draws line segments that connect these alternate figures instead.
If the sample size of the data included in the average is large enough, it will generate a relatively smooth line, effectively eliminating the occurrence of chop so that a trader can avoid or minimize the experience of being whipsawed by the market.
Unfortunately, moving averages evidence a problem of their own, known as lag. A lagging indicator is one that trails the price action of the underlying asset, changing only
after price has begun to follow a particular pattern or trend.
The result is that by the time the indicator signals a significant move in the market (by the time an economic shift is made apparent) it is already too late for a trader to take advantage of the event.
So then, the ideal moving average would be one that smooths out chop while simultaneously tracking shifts in price action in real time. To my knowledge, the closest anyone has come to accomplishing this task is what is known as a zero-lag moving average, created by John Ehlers and Ric Way.
However, the Numerical Price Prediction system has its own solution, based on what is referred to as an instantaneous moving average.
By ineffectively reproducing on lower timeframe charts the instantaneous moving averages generated on and transferred from higher timeframe charts, the system provides crossover signals that its originator believes to be even more reliable than the crossover signals produced by Ehlers’ and Way’s zero lag indicator.
The resulting cluster of moving averages is represented by the blue trendlines pictured in the image below.
On a 15-minute chart, the blue lines consist of the Xxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxx, and the Xxxxxxxx.
Unfortunately, every once in a while these lines will generate a false positive. They are therefore accompanied by the red moving averages, which do not suffer from this problem, but unfortunately, do evidence a slight bit of lag.
On a 5-minute chart, one would expect the blue lines to translate to…
On a 1-minute chart…
No use is made of 30-, 60-, or 240-minute charts in that these timeframes have been judged too slow to allow for timely market entries and exits at the intraday level.