***Lord Rees-Mogg on the State of the E.U.
I have been a reader of the European Journal for many years. Occasionally, I have written articles for it. I admire its approach of rational and scholarly Euroscepticism. I even have a family connection, as our youngest daughter, Annunziata, edited the magazine for three years.
There are many people who would enjoy reading it, thereby supporting the cause of European independence, which is equally an interest for Europeans themselves and for Americans. The European Commission in Brussels is deeply suspicious of the U.S., and often actively hostile.
The September issue has a particularly important article written by Vaclav Klaus, who is the president of the Czech Republic. He lists six objectives for Europe. I would myself accept these six objectives as a program for the new Europe, infinitely preferable to the Constitutional Treaty that was drafted by Giscard dâEstaing, the ex-president of France. This is the Klaus program:
· Europe must be free, democratic, and prosperous. It will not be achieved by democratic deficit, by supranationalism, by statism, or by an increase in legislating, monitoring, and regulating us
· Europe needs a system of ideas which must be based on freedom, personal responsibility, individualism, natural caring for others, and a genuinely moral conduct of life
· Europe needs a political system which must not be destroyed by a postmodern interpretation of human rights (with its emphasis on positive rights, with its dominance of group rights and entitlements over individual rights and responsibilities, and with its denationalization of citizenship), by the weakening of democratic institutions which have irreplaceable roots exclusively on the territory of the statesâ¦by the continental-wide rent-seeking or various NGOs
· Europe needs an economic system which must not be damaged by excessive government regulation, by fiscal deficits, by heavy bureaucratic control, by attempts to perfect markets by means of constructing âoptimalâ market structures, by huge subsidies to privileged or protected industries and firms, or by heavy labor market legislation
· Europe needs a social system which must not be wrecked by all imaginable kinds of disincentives, by more than generous welfare payments, by large-scale income redistribution, or by all other forms of government paternalism
· Europe needs a system of relations and relationships of individual countries which must not be based on false internationalism, on supranational organizations, and on a misunderstanding of globalization and of externalities, but on the good neighborliness of free, sovereign countries and on international pacts and agreements.
The federalist program, unfortunately, still has the backing of Germany, and of the French, Italian, and Spanish governments. The Constitution was rejected by the voters of France and the Netherlands, but has been silently implemented by the commission.
In January 2007, Germany will take the chair of the European Union for six months. It is Angela Merkelâs ambition to use that period to revive the Constitution. Under the proposed Constitution, Germany would have become the predominant power in a European federation.
The model that Germany supports is the federation of German states that the German statesman Bismarck established in the 1860s and 1870s. Just as Abraham Lincoln forcibly reunited the United States by war in the 1860s, Bismarck reunited Germany, defeating Austria and France, and bullying Bavaria. Naturally, the Czechs, who are not a German people, do not now want to join a Germanic federation of Europe. Nor do the British. Such a federation would certainly be an unreliable ally for the United States.
In my view, we all need to compare the Klaus plan for Europe -- it is not a Constitution -- and the Franco-Germany Constitution. I know which one I prefer. Chancellor Merkelâs attempt to impose a federal system will, in my view, destroy the liberty of Europe if it succeeds, and will risk splitting the European Union if it fails.