Mkay, so you disagree with my definition? Here is a quote from Wikipedia:Wrong. Were that the case, no one would ever trade or enter the game.
i.e. 0 = sum<i=1 to N> { w_i * delta_i } where sum of w_i is 1 and delta is the utility or gains/losses of the participants. In other words (and now I quote from myself):In game theory and economic theory, a zero-sum game is a mathematical representation of a situation in which each participant's gain or loss of utility is exactly balanced by the losses or gains of the utility of the other participants. If the total gains of the participants are added up and the total losses are subtracted, they will sum to zero.
A zero-sum game by definition has the total expectation across all participants equal to zero.
You can not deduce a zero sum nature game (or, for that matter, competitive or non-competitive nature) from a single transaction, rather than from the total value in the system. Let's take the following example:But if you arrive with $100 with of IBM, and leave with $100 worth of Uncle Sam, you are not ahead. Same in reverse for the other participant. Regardless of commodity, fixed asset, service, derivative instrument, or anything else.
- Alice sells her share of his company at IPO for 100.
- Bob buys the share for 100 at IPO
- Cathy buys the share for 150 1 year later
As you can see, Bob made 50 and yet Alice has not lost 50 because she her gains or losses are external to the system (she did not buy her share but rather she opened a company, got clients and has future cashflow that she's pricing at IPO). Since value is added from the outside, it's not a constant sum game, and thus not a zero sum game (since zero-sum is a a subset of constant sum games). As a side note, non-constant sum game can still be competitive like the stock market.
Also, you can see how that is different from a simple bet which is distributive by nature, right? A disconnected derivative market is such a market, so there your loss is my gain unless, as I said, you are integrating value from other sources (you know, the usual "you buy an option, I sell an option and both of us win because we hedged delta differently")
PS. Not trying to insult your knowledge or intelligence, really, but application of game theory to the markets is very tricky. There are several good papers on it that come to a conclusion
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