You don't want to limit how much money people can make. That also stagnates the economy, although there is evidence that very high tax rates for extreme income (>$1M a year) don't adversely deter innovation.
The problem is thus:
You don't want very high tax rates because the government is aweful in general in getting people to want to better themselves. They use the money taken in poorly.
You don't want enourmous inequality because amazing huge amounts of wealth, as you point out, becomes just a selling game to get more of it. Central banks then are forced to print more money, leading eventually to high inflation.
So, imo, one key is for government to own and promote infrastructure of any kind. For example, the government should own or at least compete with corporations for high speed internet access. It should cost almost nothing to get on the internet and have a high speed connection. Same thing with the interstate highway system. Mobility and access to information should cost almost nothing.
The problem with wealth creation is that it is misunderstood. People want to be rich which they equate with wealth, when what they should be aiming for is to be happy at their work. This bottom up approach works much better than just trying to create dull employment. As a government, if all you do is want to create jobs for corporations, you get a dull bunch of people that all they do is either: a) go to work and do nothing else, or b) are extremely poor. "Job" creation looks good on paper, but it leads to a dysfunctional society if the work is not suited to the person, which is the case in about 80% of the work force.
So, the question is, how do you encourage people to find their professional calling, and then, how do you create an economy that supports just about any conceivable job so that people can sustain themselves doing what they love.
That Monet, Mozart, etc died broke is the wrong answer. Having 3.5 BILLION people make $1 a day is the wrong answer.
Nitro, I've just now read your entire post above. It is difficult to find much to disagree with. However that said, I think you will not find much support in econometrics for this:
"You don't want to limit how much money people can make. That also stagnates the economy, although there is evidence that very high tax rates for extreme income (>$1M a year) don't adversely deter innovation."
Naturally, the first sentence agrees with our capitalist sensibilities. The next sentence, however, does not ring true in practice. There is ample evidence to not just suggest, but prove, that total wealth of an economy mostly concentrated among a very small fraction of a nation's population leads to, as you put it "stagnation", of the economy. Isn't it logical then to assume that were you to limit wealth to some reasonably high value there would be no measurable adverse effect on the overall economy.
No one in their right mind would want to limit how much people can make , but paradoxically that may be precisely the thing to do if the goal is to achieve the most dynamic economy possible with the greatest rate of innovation, and most importantly, the highest degree of class mobility.
All available evidence suggests that an extremely progressive income tax achieves better mobility and a more dynamic economy than does a regressive tax structure, whereby the less one makes the greater percentage of their total income is paid in taxes. In the U.S. the tax structure of the early Reagan economy became unintentionally regressive. We essentially had, at that time, a flat tax, yet the favorable treatment of unearned income was retained. This was achieved
by raising the tax rate of the lowest bracket to 17% from 15% and lowering the top rate dramatically to 27%; thus creating an income tax structure in which there was only ten percent difference between the highest and lowest marginal rates. We have moved away from that, but probably not far enough. The four percent increase in the top rate recently proposed made logical sense based on what we know now as the regressive and damaging effect of eliminating the progressive nature of our U.S. income tax structure.
If we are to retain our present method of taxing income -- and certainly many good arguments can be made for jettisoning it and going to something else entirely-- than we most certainly should pay attention to the econometric evidence and adjust rates so that they are progressive rather than neutral, or worse yet, regressive. The health of our economy depends on this.
Arthur Laffer drew that now famous napkin graph -- the idea was by no means original with him. Unfortunately he erred when guessing we might be on the down slope, when in fact we were still very much on the up slope. There is a similar graph that can be drawn with class mobility, rather than revenue, on the y-axis and the maximum marginal tax rate on the x-axis. But that curve may be monotonic. It is of great importance to understand where the Country's current position on that graph lies. How far below the upper bound is it?
In your poll results, I am rather shocked to see how many apparent devotees of Ayn Rand we have posting on ET. If the past 30 years have taught us anything, they have taught us that supply-side, trickle down economics is silly nonsense. You can't help the poor and the middle class by making the rich richer!