At least once a month, there is a big loss or gain to someone, based on a change in market valuation. That story though, is painted (if stippled) across *all* of the shareholders -- value gone from their net liq., because of a market turn. No one bought the other side of that -- there was *no*trade*! Just as big jumps make *all* shareholders "rich" and just as the '08-'09 financial crisis robbed a bunch of IRAs (and made a bunch of late-term investors into "poor" retirees.