Why investors pay attention to penny stocks?
I think most investors don't; but some Traders do, and some focus on them exclusively (but I don't recommend that).
What makes penny stocks attractive and at the same time risky?
I think the primary reason some traders choose to trade them is because of their small float. This allows a few players, or a single large player, to have a big impact on the stock price, which results in higher percentage moves when the stock spikes (up or down). For the most part these stocks are good shorts after they've gone up on speculation or some pump-and-dump scheme.
What makes them risky is a lot of factors, some of them are:
- lower reporting requirements from the SEC, which means there's less public financial data available on the stock; and less media coverage
- they trade OTC and have low liquidity and wider spreads -- these combined w/small floats makes them easy to manipulate
- some of those companies are just a guy with an idea in a garage, and maybe a product prototype
- a lot of penny stocks are companies in bankruptcy
- lots of fraudsters/scammers in this area
- they often use paid stock promoters to pump the stock
I think some of the early research/clinical stage biotechs can have some potential as an investment, but you have to be very selective and make sure to research their management before investing, and be prepared to lose all your investment. Also, read this SEC page on first:
https://www.sec.gov/investor/pubs/microcapstock.htm