I think the colloquial thought is that institutions have advantages against retail traders, but wouldn't any exploitable pattern be quickly arbitrated away by their own actions?
I suppose there could be a significant advantage in discovering the patterns before anybody else does. But competing institutions would quickly negate any shared advantage.
They have patience, they have capital, they have an infrastructure, all the things retail don't have. The patience is there as the number of viable trades is much lower than retail understand, the capital is there to leverage when a viable trade comes online, the infrastructure is there to make sure that all the rules are adhered to. You can bypass all this HFT trading, but you need the architecture which no one outside of an institution has, so absolutely, the successful individual traders have just taken institutional and downscaled it to a nano level.
There is one beyond stupidly simple metric, revenue per employee, Goldman is $1mn, Blackrock $10mn, Renaissance is $100mn, what is yours, $50k, and there is your answer. If you look at service providers, just find their revenue per employee. One of the software providers on this site with 'professional' grade tools, looking at their figures appears to be around $200,000 revenue per employee, always wondered why their software never matched their marketing. The institutions will be immensely more efficient and experienced than you will ever be, aspects such as intelligence and risk taking are not determining factors.