Of course the sixth party system was when the republicans drew all the southern racists to them.
Democrats And Republicans Platform Switch Throughout US History
Ash C June 24, 2019
The two major political parties in the
United States, now called
Democrats and
Republicans, have went through many changes throughout history. Their ideologies, stances, and even platforms have switched in numerous instances. Typically, these big changes usually happen around the time of major legislative changes and political events, such as the
Civil War in the
1860’s, and
Civil Rights in the
1960’s. Historians have put these changes into perspective by writing out a timeline, coining the
“Party Systems”, also known as the different
eras of the United States political parties.
The First Party System
The first party system emerged way back in the days when
Democrats and
Republicans were coexisting under the umbrella of
Anti-Federalism. The
Federalists stood for a strong national government with a national bank and a strong economic and industry system, which were the ideals of an aristocratic
“big government“ party more popular in the
North. The
Democratic-Republicans had a
“small government” platform in support for a limited government with an emphasis on farmers’ and states’ rights, mainly favoured in the
South. The smaller government was more
“for the people” and achieved dominance after the
1800 Presidential election, and went on to become the
Democratic Party in the next party system.
The Second Party System
The second party system occurred as the
Federalists slowly died out and the
Democratic-Republicans were in power. The two-in-one party had internal disagreements surrounding major political issues. They broke down into several factions mainly over the issue of
slavery, and these tensions eventually led to the
Civil War which separated the one party into two.
The Third Party System
The third party system was a time of extreme industrial and economic expansion. The
Democrats were supported by
southern social conservatives in rural areas who did not want slavery to end, while the Northern
Republicans were embraced by
northern progressive liberals who strived to end slavery once and for all. This era is defined by bitter conflict and striking party differences.
The Fourth Party System
The fourth party system is defined by the rise of
“the Progressive Era“ and immigration. After
Reconstruction came the
Gilded Age where both parties embraced progressivism. But then
Teddy Roosevelt left the
Republican Party, leading the way for many progressive
Republicans. The
Democratic Party became increasingly progressive as the
Republican platform started to become more conservative and pro-business. With the rise of media, the events of
World Wars, the
Fed, the income tax, voting rights, and the rise of the modern state, more switches happened as a result of the major changes in social climate.
The Fifth Party System
The fifth party system was kickstarted by the
Great Depression.
Franklin D. Roosevelt made up the
New Deal Coalition which consisted of new social welfare programmes bringing together under-privileged, working class, and minority groups. Many
African-Americans made the switch here: they had previously been supporters of the
Republican Party due to the freeing of slaves, but they were in support of the
Democrats now.
The Sixth Party System
The sixth party system appears to have begun with the
Civil Rights Act of 1964 when the
Democrats officially lost their long-term dominance with the voters in the
South as the
Republican Party became popular in rural and suburb areas. The
Democratic Party started to attract people of colour and white urban progressives. It was increasingly seen as the aristocratic party favoured in the
North and in big cities. A complete
180 from how it was back in the
1800s.
Some historians and political commentators have
argued that we are actually in our
seventh party system now in
2019. This theory however has been one of controversy and not been fully confirmed or agreed upon. But the other
“platform switches” stated above are not myths — as evidenced in the
voting map over time, or from the
historic party platforms. These party switches are definitely complex, but they are all a part of
American history, and these major changes should be taken under consideration especially in the debate of party loyalty.