When do I become enlightened in terms of price action trading?

It's a step in the right direction but IMO it's a little outdated and unsophisticated. Better than Al Brooks by lightyears, though. Have you read Margin of Safety? Or anything by Joel Greenblatt?
Haven't read Margin of Safety (Pretty rare by the look of it) but do have Greenblatts Little Book from back in the day when I considered myself an investor. Now as a speculator the method doesn't have the risk control I desire.
 
unsophisticated
That what most of the books are..
This sophisticated click is only by training demo and micro size of your chosen market.
Beside knowing reading the notes you to master playing the piano during intrady day scalping.
End we shell not think that sophisticated contradict simplicity for the small retail trader.
 
Haven't read Margin of Safety (Pretty rare by the look of it) but do have Greenblatts Little Book from back in the day when I considered myself an investor. Now as a speculator the method doesn't have the risk control I desire.
well, from a speculators standpoint, you need to pay attention to your factor risk, risk budget (var), and other metrics. Stop losses aren't effective tools because you when you really need it, it doesn't work as well; and if your investment framework is just momentum, it is hard for you to come up with an expected return framework to compare vs. ex-ante risk.

This is where (a) sources of return, (b) sources of alpha, and (c) sources of risk need to come together. For example, if you are seeking to invest in XYZ security because (a) company is expanding production (b) faster than expected you can distill this into a price and generate an expectation of returns.

Sources of risk include factors (how sensitive is the stock to market, to interest rates, etc.), its own historical volatility (how much does it fluctuate on average), and liquidity (how much will it cost you to enter or exit the trade?) + others/idiosyncratic issues.

So if the stock is trading at $25 expected EPS growth of 15% and your view is that EPS growth will be 20%, then you think the stock is actually worth $33.2 which is a 32% expected return.

If the stock fluctuates on average by 20% each year, then you can expect the stock go move up/down $5 from 25 (even if you are wrong the stock can still go up to $30). You will know whether you are right or wrong when the company reports earnings and those higher production numbers will be printed.

So now you have two risk items you can use -- 1) you should expect the stock to not go down past $5/252 * days to earnings, 2) you will know whether your thesis is right/wrong once earnings are announced.

Now you can set risk limits to trim/add to position when risk limits are breached. You can do so either cyclically or counter cyclically depending on your conviction.
 
HFT's don't have an intention per trade. HFT's primarily act as market makers and internalizers. I'll explain how it works.

Market making:
Top of book quote is the NBBO -- say 10.15 x 500 and 10.17 x 200. I'm a random trader and I lift the offer (10.17) but my order is for 500 shares.

If you were to look at level 2 offers you'd see:
10.17 x 100
10.18 x 200
10.25 x 500
10.28 x 200

So what happens is that I first lift the NBBO (10.17 at 200), then take the next 100 at 10.17 and after that I experience "slippage" and fill the rest at 10.18. In this scenario, you are an informed trader -- you know that you have an order that is larger than the top quote. Market makers do not yet know, but they will once you get your first fill at 10.17 x 200. As soon as that happens, the rest of them will attempt to adjust their prices higher. Larger HFT firms will use sub-penny decs to jump in front of queues to cross orders. The HFT does not have a view on the stock and does not care about a candle or pattern forming lol. All they care about is adjusting their price in the face of changing levels of volume.

Internalizing:
Citadal is a wholesaler that can fill orders between "the spread". In the above example, you see the NBBO as 10.15 bid / 10.17 offer. Citadel tries to match market orders from customers before it reaches an exchange. This, also, has nothing to do with charts and patterns and "bulls on the 5 second candle" lol. It has everything to do with the flow of orders and adjusting prices quickly to improve fills and collect a fraction of the spread.

Citadel, Virtu, and other large market makers need a high amount of uninformed order flow. So they typically back your discount brokers (TD Ameritrade, ETrade, TradeStation, etc.) to make their commission costs cheap or $0 in order to increase the amount of flow they receive. Higher flow means higher odds of crossing trades within the network vs. having to "give up" the trade and send it to an exchange. So yes, Citadel would love it if you kept buying and selling on 1 second charts lol.


You just described why every tick counts and perhaps not as explicitly - "resupply at Bbid/Bask."
 
You just described why every tick counts and perhaps not as explicitly - "resupply at Bbid/Bask."
you're confusing what is a matching engine to capture a spread vs. an intentional decision to buy or sell at a tick. At the market structure level, there is no "bull" or "bear", there are only "events" which HFT's try to front run. These happens in such a small time scale that they do not even show up on your tick feed. Nothing you can visually see can be used to interpret what is happening beneath the surface.
 
you're confusing what is a matching engine to capture a spread vs. an intentional decision to buy or sell at a tick. At the market structure level, there is no "bull" or "bear", there are only "events" which HFT's try to front run. These happens in such a small time scale that they do not even show up on your tick feed. Nothing you can visually see can be used to interpret what is happening beneath the surface.

The matching engine is subordinate to the orders fed into it. Algo's are based on human conceptualization of pricing models, therefore "intention" is expressed via a specific implementation of a strategy.

I agree that what is visually seen does not capture the sequence of events that occurs in an HFT's algo but never-the-less the movement of a tick in a window of time triggers an algo or not. The movement of a tick can also trigger a discretional trader's decision as well.

HFT's in practice operate on a visually sub-perceptional scale. Moving up to larger timeframes for a discretionary trader mitigates this specific risk.
 
The matching engine is subordinate to the orders fed into it. Algo's are based on human conceptualization of pricing models, therefore "intention" is expressed via a specific implementation of a strategy.

I agree that what is visually seen does not capture the sequence of events that occurs in an HFT's algo but never-the-less the movement of a tick in a window of time triggers an algo or not. The movement of a tick can also trigger a discretional trader's decision as well.

HFT's in practice operate on a visually sub-perceptional scale. Moving up to larger timeframes for a discretionary trader mitigates this specific risk.
Orders aren't fed into the HFT...millions of people are submitting their orders at any given time for a variety of reasons (selling stock to buy a house, trimming a positions you dislike, etc.). So at any given timeframe, there are a bunch of orders passing through HFT without any explicit intention. It could even be that someone submitted an order and has slower internet, which means their order arrives 500 ms later vs. 250 ms.

All the HFT tries to do is match the buy and sell orders before they get to an exchange. They are not "trading" in the traditional sense. They are losing on most trades, but make them up when they successfully front run larger orders.

Day traders are a miniscule part of the market and provide noise that informed traders use to obfuscate their orders. They are not moving markets, investors are.
 
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