Quote from dpt:
To be sure, the building partially collapsed, but stood. The perimeter support
columns failed on the upper stories, leaving the reinforced concrete
core exposed and standing.
On what basis do you say that?
because it was in a hell of inferno for 26hours. while the fire in the towers lasted for a bit over an hour. i don't believe for an instant that lack of fireproof in the towers was enough to weaken the steel because of the duration of the fire. it is safe to say 26 hours of raging inferno do much more damage, fireproof or not, than 1 hour of contained fire. also u'll see below that it is impossible for the towers steel structure to be impaired by fire: ludicrous to say the least and certainly not supported by facts.
u gotta also keep in mind that most of the jet fuel was consumed in the massive 3 fireballs u can clearly see in the videos. and what remained of the jet fuel itself burned for only 10minutes; the fire that ensued later was apparently caused by furniture, ect. and in the area of impact there was very little if none fire, since we can see a lady [rachel] standing exactly there, and no flames, not fumes visible.
The Madrid building had extensive passive fireproofing for its steel
structural members, due to its relatively traditional concrete masonry + steel
frame construction. It had no active fireproofing, and it was in fact in the
process of being renovated to add active fireproofing systems when the fire
broke out.
Now why is it that fireproofing is universally used to protect structural
steel in steel frame buildings, including the Madrid Windsor building?
The basic reason is: it is very well known that structural steel has
properties that change very significantly when it is heated above room
temperatures.
Steel deforms far more easily once its temperature is raised to 400-500 C than
it does when it is cold. Also, the cold yield strength of steel is far greater
than the hot yield strength. This fact is employed in a commonly
used technique for forming enormous steel bridge girders to precisely fit
roadway curves in road bridges. Girders are first heated to the region of 400
C and they can then be deformed into shape by applying relatively small
lateral bending forces.
Just as importantly, even before reaching 500 C steel expands
considerably as it is heated. If steel beams are heated non-uniformly, as can
be pretty generally expected to happen in the case of a building fire, then
thermal expansion will produce non-uniform stresses on any structural beams
that are exposed and heated to high temperature, as well causing stresses on
the beams to which they are attached. Such stresses, caused by thermal
expansion alone, could reach yield levels, even in moderate fire conditions.
Temperatures in the region of 400-500 C are easily achievable, even in
diffuse flame, fuel rich fires.
this is not backed by the evidence. the steel analyzed not only never reached those temperatures with consistency but was also passed every test for structural integrity. temperatures were found to be around 250-c.
and here we go, there's a huge difference between traditional steel and the tower steel: this was not ordinary steel, it was certified ASTM E119 and surely didn't deform at any temperatures found in the towers. kevin rayan of underwriters laboratories executive, who speaks out on the wtc study: "the buildings should have easily withstood the thermal stress caused by pools of burning jet fuel. ryan goes on to say: "we know the steel components were certified ASTM E119. the temperatures curved for this standard require the sample to be exposed to temperatures around 2000-C for several hours, and as we all agree, the steel met those specifications". so u understand that the steel was heated up to 2000-C and if it passed the test it was employed.
to note that kevin ryan was fired by underwriter lab in a very strange turn of events.
so, u see that u just cannot buy the fire theory, the steel was much stronger than traditional steel and designed to withstand extremely high temperatures. i will also post a 3d animation of the real structure of the towers that clearly is not even comparable in strength to the design attributed by nist/fema.
So all steel frame buildings would be vulnerable to collapse in fire, if it
were not that fireproofing of some form were employed in the construction, to
prevent structural steel from being rapidly heated. It would be sheer lunacy
to build a steel frame building without using some form of fireproofing for
the steel support members.
In case of a fully developed building fire, such as occurred in Madrid, where
the building did not fully collapse, there can be little doubt that passive
fireproofing played a role in the long survival time of the building. However
there are other reasons why this building survived so long relative to the WTC
towers.
http://www.concretecentre.com/main.asp?page=1205
`Crucially, the building remained standing despite the intensity of the
fire. An investigation is underway between Spanish technical agency Intemac
and UK authorities including Arup Fire, the University of Edinburgh and the
concrete industry including Cembureau, BCA and The Concrete
Centre. Preliminary findings suggest that a combination of the upper technical
floor and the excellent passive fire resistance of the tower's concrete
columns and core prevented total building collapse.
(emphasis added)
http://www.arup.com/fire/feature.cfm?pageid=6150
`The building had a concrete central core with two rows of reinforced
concrete columns in the north-south direction, aligned with the core side
walls. The structure above ground was characterised by two transition floors
at 3rd and 17th Floor levels, which housed plant and services.'
So we see that the central core of the Madrid/Windsor building, which bore the
major fraction of the vertical load on the core in compression, was
constructed using reinforced concrete as the major load bearing
material.
This fact may very well account for the building's extraordinarily good fire
resistance.
There was a massive wall of concrete around the base of the core: 17
feet thick at that point. This wall did not extend all the way up the
towers. In any case, concrete was not employed for bearing the gravity load in
the WTC. This load was transmitted to ground at the foundation on bedrock,
through compression of the steel core columns and the steel perimeter tube
columns.
The cores were rectangular areas 27m by 41m containing the 47 steel load
bearing columns which extended from the foundation above the bedrock to the
top of the tower. The four corner columns were larger than the all the rest in
the core and bore about 20% of the vertical load on the core. All of the core
columns were, of course, tapered with height, and the construction of them
varied with height, becoming in general lighter as one moved higher in the
building.
The twin towers can be roughly described as being primarily of lightweight
steel construction, having to be sure, a very high degree of structural
redundancy due to the large number of support columns on the peripheral load
bearing exterior walls and also in the core, but also leaving a very high percentage of
empty space in the building, approaching in fact about 95%.
The core of the Madrid building was no joke at all. It was constructed very
well when it came to fire resistance, since it utilized reinforced concrete
for the load bearing columns.
Cheers!
first i never said it was a joke in itself but in contrast to the towers. and u are wrong about the core: it was completely surrounded by reinforced concrete, from top to bottom and the towers as well had those pivotal floors designed to prevent total collapse. one of the floors in q, is the number 76. there's a link about the design of the cores i posted a few pages back, check it out.