Agreed.Intelligent Investor is a must read,as is the works of Buffet,Lynch and Oneil.
The OP is being taken down a path which has no relation to his original question.
OP's question is really fundamental in nature.
I agree with all three of your points. But it pays to make a distinction between the value of a company -- which is based on fundamentals -- and the value of a stock -- which is what traders are willing to pay for it. Those who fail to make this distinction start thinking that the stock is worth more than its current price, or that it's "too high", which is where the trouble starts.
Evaluating a company based on its fundamentals isn't what it used to be, which is why I stopped fiddling with stocks in the late 90s.