If you have unlimited time and willpower, then my answer is, use a combination of eating less and exercising more to create a daily caloric deficit of 10% or about 250 calories. To eat fewer calories, you ‘probably’ have to have less sugar, simple carbs, alcohol and more protein, vegetables and water. To exercise more, I would suggest 6 days a week of EPOC workouts, either Insanity-like (bodyweight, plyo workouts) or mod/heavy weights (mainly big compound moves, alternate push/pull days, superset upper/lower) or a combo of these two.
But if you are like me, and most people I know, its not that easy to live with that calorie deficit. Compliance is tough with lapses in willpower and busy schedules. So you need a more realistic answer, but the issue here is that not every suggestion you hear will suit you, so a lot of trial & error is needed. Here are some things that work for me.
1. Intermittent Fasting – I usually skip breakfast, don’t eat lunch until 12pm or later (don’t believe the cereal company hype that it’s the most important meal of the day)
2. Get Used to Feeling Hungry – to maintain a caloric deficit you’re going to have to get used to being hungry for at least part of your day. I find it best when I sleep and in the AM hours. Its nasty to start but gets easier quite quickly, and fasting has documented health benefits. And one big positive for me is that this hunger makes me mentally much sharper (that alone is a great reason)
3. Train in the AM – I find it better to train first thing, because I have fewer excuses, the gym is quieter and I believe in fasted training. During/after training I am also less hungry
4. Eat Protein – try to eat protein at every/most meals and for many snacks, because it makes you feel fuller and it combats muscle loss. My go to lunches are egg & roast vegetable omelettes and chicken salads, and dinners are steak & mixed vegetable or fish & green vegetable
5. Fight Muscle Loss – with a caloric deficit, understand that you will be fighting against muscle and strength loss (but that’s ok as muscle isn’t your goal here), but you need to eat protein & do strength execises to minimize the loss. Having muscle also burns more calories
6. Exercise Smart – it takes time & motivation to train, so I aim for maximum efficiency, doing 3x sessions a week of heavy weights for 75-90 minutes (varying rep ranges, freq changing exercises & angles) and the cardio I do is HIIT sort of stuff (like fast body weight circuits, exercise bike sprints, etc). I do other stuff like MTB, skiing and golf but I know these have limited effects as they are low heart rate stuff with no EPOC
7. Drink Water – you should try to drink 4 litres a day. It keeps you hydrated for your exercise sessions and makes you feel fuller. I can be boring so experiment a bit, with cold water, ice water or adding a dash of syrup or some extras like lime/lemon/orange/mint leaves
8. Drink Lots – water is boring for me, so I try and mix it with Berocca (break the tablet, 2x 400ml) then creatine (teaspoon in water 400ml), then 3-4 cups of tea (x250ml with artificial sweetner, not the best I know). This, plus the appetite suppression from the morning gym/exercise, usually gets me through to lunch
9. Food Diary – this is a big pain and a lot of work, but if can keep one for a week you may be enlightened with what you discover (write down & measure everything, be honest and precise)
10. Food Tips – there’s lots already written above that you can try. I find complete abstinence from anything I really like is tough, so I do a lot of moderation. I try to be good 80-90% of the time, and balance out the bad meals/snacks either before or after on the same day. My tips are:
a. don’t drink calories (juices, soft drinks, sugar in tea)
b. moderate alcohol (mainly at weekend, only occasional benders and always balanced out)
c. avoid simple carbs (like bread/pasta/rice/potato and breakfast cereals, but I will have a croissant on Sunday, or a pizza with healthy-ish toppings and leave the crust, or a smaller portion of rice/naan with a curry)
d. substitute sugar (if you crave sugar/chocolate then this can be a hassle, I will indulge but only after something big and healthy like an apple or a portion of frozen berries which are surprisingly low in sugar)
e. add spice (add spice to meat & vegetable dishes to liven things up and slightly assist calorie burn, I like Mex, Thai and Indian spices)
f. meal prep (I am not a extreme prep-er, but if I cook something I usually make leftovers for another 2-4 meals, these can be kept in the fridge for 2 days and will be something I go for when I want something fast, as its easy to microwave & I hate wasting food, I cook up masses of roast vegetables and freeze about 30x 120g bags at a time)
g. blend stuff (with a Nutribullet or similar, easy to use and clean, don’t get a juicer as they are a pain to set-up/use/wash-up, great for getting enough vegetables in your diet, easy to add fresh fruit and frozen berries, also oats and ice water
h. find good snacks (for me its high protein/low fat greek yoghurts, protein bars, frozen berries and protein shakes, spend a rainy Sunday doing a supermarket recce once and it could be 2 hours well spent)
I also read about a guy once who always had to snack after dinner, and it was killing all the benefits of his strict diet and being good all day. So he would freeze low-calorie juice into a Tupperware container, and every night he would sit in front of the TV, scrapping and eating it with a spoon. It would take him two hours to finish it. He wasn’t really hungry and didn’t need to eat again. I think it was breaking boredom and the motion of eating (rather than what was actually consumed) that mattered more and it worked great for this guy.