"Edge" is one of those words which traders use with slightly variable meanings, leading to some confusion and talking at cross purposes, in forum discussions, I think.
To me, an "edge" is more or less a reliable, repeatedly verifiable, statistically significant advantage over the market.
Although each time I enter a trade I don't know whether it will win or lose, my "edge" is what gives me a high degree of statistical confidence in the collective outcomes of my next 300 trades, with only a very small overall variability-percentage, so it's a probability function of which the accuracy is proportional (albeit not linearly) to the sample-size of outcomes over which it's monitored.
Statistics and probability are both counter-intuitive and tricky subjects, but they're necessarily the frame of reference within which I define and describe "edge".