A nationâs credit rating is analogous to your credit score. Pay your bills on time, never carry a balance, and your score will be near the theoretical maximum of 850. Act like the representatives and functionaries of the United States government do, and your credit rating will be closer to the theoretical minimum of 300.
The higher your score, the more credit youâre entitled to, and at lower rates. Your diligence on the front end can result in lower mortgage payments when you apply for a loan. Same goes for car financing, etc. Itâs hard to find a definitive source for this quote, but the classic line is âCredit is most available to the people who need it least.â
National credit ratings are on a different, more coarsely calibrated, non-numerical scale. The same principle is supposed to apply: the better the rating, the lower the interest rates the country can borrow at; and indirectly, the more likely it is that businesses will invest in said country. Standard & Poorâs, the biggest credit rating agency, uses the following rating scheme: AAA/AA/A/BBB/BB/B/CC. Below AAA, each rating also includes either a plus sign, or a minus sign, or nothing. Beyond that, each rating includes a terse descriptor: âpositiveâ, âstableâ, the ominous-sounding âwatch negativeâ or ânegativeâ. Confusing things even more, the âpositiveâ and ânegativeâ descriptors have nothing to do with the + or â signs found in some ratings. S&P doesnât rate every country in the world, because places like Tuvalu and the Vatican City donât attract enough foreign investment to warrant anyone crunching the numbers (nor do those countries even have their own currencies.)
Therefore, it would seem, the United Statesâ transition from the worldâs most dynamic economy to a backwater incapable of paying its bills and digging ever further into debt is a foregone conclusion at this point. But it isnât, and this is why:
Volume.
Letâs say you make $40,000 a year and indeed use credit as wisely and sparingly as possible. And say you somehow crack the Fair, Isaac & Co. secret formula to the point where your credit score sits at a perfect 850. You apply to your bank for a loan, primarily just to see if you can do it but also because you want to see how low an interest rate you can qualify for.
The moment after you walk in, Sergey Brin and his 849 credit score apply for a loan.
Who do you thinkâs going to get a loan with more favorable terms? Mr. Brin might not be quite as on top of his obligations as you are, but heâs not far behind. And heâs got far more money than you do, and far more potential for making yet more. Donât take it personally.
On Monday the House of Representatives voted to raise the debt ceiling, leaving the Senate to rubber-stamp a similar bill Tuesday and drawing more attention to a particular vote than anything since the nationalization of health care. The nation will reach its credit limit in a few months, Congress will request another increase, and so on indefinitely. Why? Because they can. The Greeks didnât have this luxury of preeminence, at least not in the last 25 centuries or so.
For the last few weeks weâve been subjected to a panicked call from journalists who donât know any better and politicians who never let a good crisis go to waste, trying to make you believe that the world economy is on a precipice. It isnât. Economies donât collapse overnight, and if they did it wouldnât be because of legislative stalemate. America's rating is still going to be relatively strong. Far stronger than Chinaâs, for instance. And weâll still attract investment from abroad, simply from sheer size. No other country can boast 300 million first-world consumers with a relentless penchant for buying things. Thatâs a greater determinant of economic robustness than anything else.
Thatâs not to say that our economy isnât in the toilet. Nor that our elected representatives donât need to exercise some serious restraint. Raising the debt ceiling (to more than twice what it was during George W. Bushâs first term) only invites more opportunity to finance an already unsustainable level of government spending. But letâs call Mondayâs vote to raise the debt ceiling what it was: it wasnât a last-second attempt to right the American economy before it collapsed. It was an indirect means of letting our nationâs record debt break even more records. Greater interest payments and an economy built more on borrowing than on wealth creation? Yes, but thatâs your grandkidsâ problem.