Like I mentioned in another thread, I am seriously doubting the relevance of volume studies at least in the traditional sense i.e. volume spike signaling capitulation,etc. I think the presence of TWAP,VWAP algos past years which clouds intention has rendered these volume bars somewhat irrelevant. In addition, the presence of dark pools outside of exchanges (are they required to report volume to the tape? ) further complicates the picture, at least for me.