Are you suggesting I've failed to do something because I haven't previously been asked to do it?
hmmm...have I succeed or failed to do something I've succeeded at not doing?
Please look carefully Optional 777. Do you register visually and cognitively, any difference between these two phrases:
"....Establishment of religion"
"....respecting an establishment of religion".
You will hopefully be able to notice 2 words missing in the first phrase from the second. This should suggest that the two phrases do not mean the same thing when read.
If you cannot see the differences, maybe you are suffering an impaired ability which is restricting your capacity to learn or read. In that case, thanks to medical science, help is available and I apologize to you for not realizing the problem earlier. It would explain a lot about your correspondences on this thread and others of a similar theme.
If that is not the case, please deal with the current wording under debate before creating new arguments. It is of little use to argue by altering the original wording of the Pledge, in order to fit it to your own personal viewpoint. It may make you feel better, but it won't assist a recognition to the common understanding of the words or their meaning.
Of course, I don't think there is a problem with dyslexia on your part. And as I have also reciprocated an acknowledgement for the presence of some intelligence being apparent by your responses, and you have offered that possibility to me, I think perhaps you prefer argument by sham argument as a method of response, rather than to genuinely and more honestly deal with the matter under debate. You will, I trust, advise me if I am wrong on this.
I am somewhat at a loss to see how, under these circumstances, you can possibly have any hope of being able to "defer to the argument as written", as you suggest below, when you would most probably change or read the argument below into another state of sham, until it suits, the way I have described above.
An argument as written is not a proof, merely an opinion. One opinion that has not shown itself to be effective at the highest level of the court system.
The task before you, which I see you have failed as yet, it to show that the voluntary prayer recited daily is religion, a religion, establishment of religion, or an establishment of a religion.
You may say the pledge is religion, you may believe it is so, but have not shown it to be so.
We are dealing with a legal issue, the Establishment Clause, not an ivory tower philosophical discussion.
If we survey the common man, who works from the common definition of religion, and ask them if the pledge is religion, they will say no.
The court uses the common man principle all the time when it comes to understanding language and principles.
The court would also look to the experts in religion, namely the religious institutions for their opinion on what constitutes a religion, religion, or the practice of religion.
These experts in religion have also concluded that the pledge is not religion, and voluntary recitation of the pledge is not coercion of the government to establish religion.
You have not shown the pledge to be religion, therefore you have not shown the Establishment Clause to have been violated.
.....then I presume by the same token you are obliged to defer to this and fortunately for all Americans, the court demonstrates its " much greater wisdom, and depth of reason " by the following....
" The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals declared the Pledge to be unconstitutional because it includes the words 'under God'. It was ruled that the phrase implies a government endorsement of religion, in violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion..."
In the opinions rendered by the high court, if anyone chooses to read the opinions that I posted a link to, the opinions of the high court representatives who wrote them gave the reasons that the 9th circuit court's opinion was invalid on merit. The clearly pointed out where the 9th court failed to apply case law, and perform the necessary established legal tests to determine religion present.
These opinions of a high court member are similar to a college professor commenting on the opinions of a 9th grader.
The high court is the final legal authority when it comes to opinion of the law and whether or not a law is constitutional.
There is plenty of information and detail of my position in this thread for you to be able to grasp what is being said. It would be more germane to the argument were you able to accept the wording of the First Amendment and tackle the meaning of it, without going off into your own versions.
The link to the high court's opinion is not my version, just the opinions of the high court members.
I have made my own personal arguments, provided a link to a historical and scholarly piece on the process by which the Establishment Clause was born, and have also provided a link to the high court's findings.
It would be more germane to the argument if you were able to accept their legal opinion, and scholarly opinions as to the question of the First Amendment being violated by the pledge.
I know it must be difficult for an atheist to accept a defeat by a higher power, but that is exactly what happened to the 9th circuit's ruling which was overturned by a higher power.
In this case, the higher power was a higher court.
10 words are sufficient to demonstrate the wisdom, intellectual integrity and good grace of the Founders. Incontrovertible words and meaning. That is apparently why you alter them, as it offers the only method available to you in a vain and futile attempt at argument.
The high court has rendered an opinion on the meaning of those words, citing case law, and the necessary tests of a law as it relates to the Establishment Clause. The opinion expressed is that the pledge is not religion.
What was done by rendering an opinion on the merits of the case, after it had been dismissed on a technical case, was to fire a shot across the bow to would be cases, that if similar cases rise to the level of the Supreme Court, the position of the court is clear. There were no dissenting opinions written. The lower court has little choice but to respect the higher courts ruling, as they know they are impotent to change it.
As much as atheists may want to be the ones defining what is religion, they will have to defer to the opinion of the court on legal issues such as the constitutionality of the pledge.