Because you do not know anything on this subject.
First of all the bullshit that a calorie is a calorie because of the scientific definition of a calorie is just being anal to start an argument. When we talk about calories with respect to food we are referring to quality and nutritional requirements. I find it funny that it is common acceptance in the nutritional and diet journals that a calorie is not a calorie and they do studies on affects of carbs, fats and proteins in and not just number of calories blindly.
that is why 1800 calories of milkshakes is not the same as 1800 calories of balanced meals even if you want to get anal and say they are both 1800 calories. If the quantitative number was relevant then the body would work the same on both. They don't, that is why we study the quality of the calories and know they are not all alike.
Also ketogenic diets and IF down to 500 calories have been tested in a lot of detail in how they slow down cancer tumor growth to offset the Warburg effect. Your body needs water more than anything in short-term. If you do a ketogenic diet or reduced calorie for a period of time in conjunction with certain types of chemo, it improves the efficacy of the chemo while significantly reducing the side effects.
You have to look up the metabolism of tumor cells and how they generate energy and replication in conjunction with angiogenesis to see how diet plays a role. In order to reduce risks of metastsis and induce apoptosis the keto diet or fasting has been shown as a significant aid in the process, some working without chemo in earlier stagings of cancer.
Also, if the 500 calories are made up of the right components, they will not cause serious harm to your body for the short period of time you are doing the chemo. You are not trying to build muscle or preserve 140lb.s of LBM, you are trying to stop the metastisis of the tumor and reduce the angiogenesis and....LIVE.
You think 500 calories is dangerously low? Try cancer.