Is the Rumor About French Youth Leaving France Really True?
Renée Kaplan
Posted on 12 December 2013
"The worried question has been in headlines for months now. Are Franceâs young people being forced to leave? Every week thereâs another talk show, another investigative report, another survey showing that French 20-somethings are leaving France and going abroad to work in higher numbers than ever before. And instead of cheering the entrepreneurialism of their ambitious youth, the refrain echoing in the media is, well, much more typically French: Why isnât France good enough to keep its youth?
"The fact that itâs a question at all is part of the problem in France. So young people in France are interested in seeing what the rest of the world has to offer? They think that there might be interesting jobs, exciting experiences, money to be made, a better immediate future elsewhere, outside of Franceâ¦So what? Why so much shameful soul-searching?
"The shame and the handwringingâoh, the opprobrium of an expatriated youth!âis rooted in another tacit belief about France, one that goes deep into the identity of this country which has always been a land of immigration and a not emigration (unlike Ireland, Italy, or Spain, there has never been a French diaspora). The belief is that there is no good reason that you should you want to leave France.
"The French seem to be experiencing this trend of youth expatriation as a kind of slap in the face, a reproach to its image of itself as an irresistible land of opportunity capable of nurturing a successful elite. Today, there are over 150,000 18 to 25-year-olds living abroad. The French could view it as a salutary leap onto the globalization train, with its best and its brightest going out into the increasingly borderless global economy. Instead theyâre wondering why the best and the brightest just donât want to stick around anymore.
"But the question of whatâs wrong with France isnât just a question of pride. The reality, aside from this French crisis of identityâWhat? Pastures are greener elsewhere?âis that that there are very real reasons that the bright young things of France want to leave, and itâs not just to get a flavour of the great wide world. And France should be worried about these reasons.
"First, thereâs the level of youth unemployment in France, with 25% of the French under the age of 25 who are jobless. That means that fully one quarter of Franceâs youth canât get a first job. But the European average for youth unemployment is actually not much lower, at 23,3%. So, arguably, that problem is not a uniquely French one. (In Spain, itâs 50%, in Italy, 40%).
"The uniquely French aspect of its youthâs expatriation is that a disproportionately large number of those leaving are highly-educated graduates: 12% have a PhD (when only 1% of all French youths have a PhD), 41% have a Masterâs degree, and over a third have at least one to three years of higher education. So itâs not so much that 25% who are registered as unemployed who are leavingâthat would make sense, and France might have an easier time forgiving itself and blaming the economic crisis.
"Instead, the expatriates are a much smaller percentage of its elite, freshly graduated and, theoretically, highly recruitable. Except they are choosing to start out in life elsewhere. In part itâs because they want to seize the wonderful opportunity to broaden their horizons and see the worldâno offense to France!âand they can, precisely because they have prestigious degrees, access to the know-how, and the professional networks to get a job abroad.
"A few weeks ago, I moderated a debate at the university of Sciences Poâone of the prestigious French institutions whose graduates are going abroadâwhose topic was, âIs France a country one must leave at all costs?â The panellistsâwho included Helene Conway-Mouret, the junior minister in charge of French nationals abroadâall agreed that was preposterous. They agreed that certainly youths are leaving, but mainly by choice, and that it is a good thing.
"But thereâs also a much more disgruntled portion of this expatriating population. And undoubtedly itâs their story thatâs keeping the question going in the media. These young expatriates say they donât feel they have any choice but to leave, claiming that only the graduates of Franceâs most elite traditional institutions are getting good jobs. That opportunities offered are few, poorly paid, below the level of responsibility that their educational background might justifiably lead them to expect.
"They describe a professional world that is, for the most part, conservative and risk-averse, a culture that expects them to work their way quietly up through low-paying junior jobs for years before, by virtue finally of seniority acquired, getting a chance at something more ambitious.
"Whatâs pushing these kids to leave is simply the impression that itâs not going to happen for them in France, because France isnât a happening place. There is an ambient sense of a lack of dynamism, of creative energy, of risk-taking and giving the improbable-but-promising a chance. Itâs this culture that theyâre not finding in France and that theyâre seeking elsewhere.
"The preferred destinations are Switzerland, the United Kingdom and Germanyânot really destinations where you go in search of exoticism. They are places that, professionally, offer a sense of opportunity and sheer possibility that this self-conscious and handwringing nation had better start figuring out how to create.
"Right now, a majority of the French expatriates polled plan on coming back. But coming back to what? Thatâs what France should be worrying about."
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