I do believe the debate between Hayek and Keynes was settled long ago in favor of Keynes, if that's on your mind. Libertarians don't dwell so much on the size of government as on its quality. It seems to be the anarcho-capitalists, who call themselves libertarians, that emphasize the importance of small government above, it seems, other considerations. I believe debt must be considered, and of course the way to pay down debt is to have a robust economy. If you put debt as your first consideration, you'll put people out of work, and that, by the "multiplier effect," will put more people out of work. That sort of thing won't help with debt at all. That conversation was settled by 1932.
The next four years are going to be very interesting to a student of economics such as myself. This is the first time perhaps --we still don't know because anything out of Trumps mouth is subject to rapid change -- that the country will embark on a program of Keynesian-like, super stimulus, i.e., lower tax rates focused on the upper bracket which is a supply-side stimulus, plus demand side stimulus spending -- at a time when we are not that far from full employment. The kinds of programs Trump is talking about are things one normally does in a recession, but we are not in recession! Keynes, in the General Theory, had something to say about what Trump says he is planning to do. Keynes pointed out that to avoid excessive inflation, tax cuts and deficit spending should be done during recession when their is an excess of productive capacity in the economy, otherwise, if you do this kind of thing when near full capacity, you will largely feed inflation, the result of heating up demand when your economy is already near full capacity.*
An overheated economy is the stuff of bubbles. Will the next one be called the Trump Bubble? I'm going to be watching very closely the economic figures for the next four years. My guess is that cooler heads will prevail and Trumps announced plans will be toned down. If not i expect continued large deficits and greater inflation. Another result I would anticipate, if Trump carries through with his tax proposals, is for the rate of growth in wealth disparity to accelerate. This disparity will always be with us as long as the return on capital is greater than GDP. But the rate of growth in disparity is sensitive to tax structure. The Reagan years caused a great acceleration in growth rate of the disparity due to collapsing the upper tax brackets and drastic rate reduction. I expect a similar acceleration from the planed Trump cuts as they, like the Reagan cuts, are very much in the nature supply-side stimulus. This is bad, in the very long run, for social cohesion, but as Keynes observed, in the long run we are all dead. If these announced Trump initiatives come to pass, than right now, this minute, is a good time to borrow, and those with debt should string out payment as long as possible. Certainly Mr. Trump stands to gain as much as any of us from heightened inflation. Maybe Yellen and company will hike sooner rather than later in an attempt to head off the anticipated "Trump effect"; maybe this month. They are very much data driven and very conservative. I rather think they won't act until they get a signal from the data.
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*Any student of economics will recognize hat some of Keynes thinking must be modified in light of the much greater extent we are now part of a global economy then the England of 1930 was; although England then was as great a trading nation as any other, and much more so than most.