For a moment, think of things from the point of view of a single futures contract. A contract is born when a short seller sells it to a buyer. It leads to at least four commissions paid, plus the commissions paid during its travel moving from one hand to another if changes hands.
So at the end of its life that contract have put money in the pockets of some, and took losses from the pockets of some, and it paid commissions to the brokers. Notice that the bid/ask spread does not exist from the perspective of a single contract.
If one repeats the reasoning for all contracts that were ever traded, we have a set of people who made money and a set of people who lost money, with both camps paying commission which is twice the volume of trade.
Now some remarks. If a market is say flat ( I mean here really flat) we have some interesting conclusions: did anyone win? If yes who? If no, where did the money go?
We can continue this analysis by looking at life from the point of view of single contracts. I find it fascinating.
So at the end of its life that contract have put money in the pockets of some, and took losses from the pockets of some, and it paid commissions to the brokers. Notice that the bid/ask spread does not exist from the perspective of a single contract.
If one repeats the reasoning for all contracts that were ever traded, we have a set of people who made money and a set of people who lost money, with both camps paying commission which is twice the volume of trade.
Now some remarks. If a market is say flat ( I mean here really flat) we have some interesting conclusions: did anyone win? If yes who? If no, where did the money go?
We can continue this analysis by looking at life from the point of view of single contracts. I find it fascinating.