As partial explanation for the Monarch program: Some were of royal blood, hence the name 'Monarch'.
Two purposes to that program are pertinent, at the moment:
1. Study the 'subjects' from infancy to learn how to control or predict a Monarch's decisions.
2. Militarily train fail-safes to stop threats others might not have anticipated.
Without an overt threat that would have placed the Monarch(s) into authority (like a nuclear weapon detonating), the fail-safes were studied, and held in secret. The program became overrun by hyper-competitiveness.
