First of all, no citation was implied or given. I have been stating my personal experiences since last summer while traveling with my teenagers to several top universities in the United States and meeting with academic guidance counselors of those universities.
With that said, I am fully aware of the history of bans on affirmative action in academic requirements into a University as I've noted to you specifically in past discussions (please review my discussion with you about California in one of your prior threads) although I will be more specific this time...
The largest effects are felt at the most selective flagship universities, like the
University of California (UC) Berkeley, UCLA and the
University of Michigan. All of these schools self-reported dramatic declines in representation, particularly among Black, Hispanic, and
Native American students.
According to this data, under-represented groups declined by 12% across the University of California system. At the University of Michigan, Black and Native undergraduate enrolment fell by 44% and 90%, respectively, in the years following the affirmative action ban.
My point with the above historical info...the bans on Affirmative Action are not new and have been occurring in many states across America for many years...long before the Supreme Court got involved.
Further, the above bans resulted in enrollment declines long before the Supreme Court ruling...a ruling many experts say will only impact a minority of schools (the schools the ban was targeting) in the U.S. that still used affirmative action
or lied that they were not using affirmative action that negatively impacted Asian minorities.
In contrast, since the Supreme Court ruling,
there has been an increase in Universities
not using SATs/ACTs for entrance into college...
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Seven of the above Universities were visited by my teenagers and me this past summer. The academic guidance counselors stated the
expected enrollment has increased for minorities, women, and the disabled despite the Supreme Court ruling...several of these guidance counselors were in fact...
Asian and they openly discussed the "fairness" of the Supreme Court ruling...
Something that you know from
prior discussions is that I do agree with the Supreme Court decision although I understand there are ways around the Supreme Court ruling to help increase diversity at University campuses.
Universities from the above list that I'm now citing as my source...Brown, Cornell, John Hopkins, Vanderbilt, Northwestern, and Notre Dame.
Not listed above that was visited...was Stanford and it's listed as a school with increased minority applications & accepted. Also, not listed above is the increasing enrollment of minorities/women at our military universities (specifically discussed in another thread) that is not impacted by the Supreme Court ruling.
My teenage daughter (a volleyball player) plans to follow in her mother's footsteps by enrolling at West Point Academy. We visited a Republican politician (college buddy...roommate for one year) to remind him with a firm handshake that I will be asking for his recommendation letter in a few more years.
We visited West Point too for personal reasons to say hello to a close family friend.
Now back to traditional top universities, Stanford is located in California...a state that banned affirmative action back in 1996.
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Although the acceptance rate at Stanford for Native Americans is a small 0.88%...it has doubled in the past year and is expected to double again in the fall of 2024 in an effort to reach +900 Native American students (counselor's exact words).
Yet, despite increases at certain top universities mainly due to the efforts of academic staff that are minorities and increasing too...nationwide...Native Americans in higher education are declining...has been declining long before the Supreme Court ruling.
Fortunately, several states like
California 2022 are offering
"Free Tuition" for Native American students to help increase the enrollment of Native American students in their state in hopes of increasing enrollment into higher education. Other states doing the same are New Mexico, Oregon, Minnesota, and some universities in Colorado.
Yet, there is a problem (mismanagement) with these "free tuition programs" but that's another discussion.
wrbtrader