Did Mortgage Relief Program Make Housing Crisis Worse?
THE NEW YORK TIMES_|_January 02, 2010_|_11:46 AM EST
The Obama administrationâs $75 billion program to protect homeowners from foreclosure has been widely pronounced a disappointment, and some economists and real estate experts now contend it has done more harm than good.
Since President Obama announced the program in February, it has lowered mortgage payments on a trial basis for hundreds of thousands of people but has largely failed to provide permanent relief.
Critics increasingly argue that the program, Making Home Affordable, has raised false hopes among people who simply cannot afford their homes.
As a result, desperate homeowners have sent payments to banks in often-futile efforts to keep their homes, which some see as wasting dollars they could have saved in preparation for moving to cheaper rental residences.
Some borrowers have seen their credit tarnished while falsely assuming that loan modifications involved no negative reports to credit agencies.
Some experts argue the program has impeded economic recovery by delaying a wrenching yet cleansing process through which borrowers give up unaffordable homes and banks fully reckon with their disastrous bets on real estate, enabling money to flow more freely through the financial system.
âThe choice we appear to be making is trying to modify our way out of this, which has the effect of lengthening the crisis,â said Kevin Katari, managing member of Watershed Asset Management, a San Francisco-based hedge fund. âWe have simply slowed the foreclosure pipeline, with people staying in houses they are ultimately not going to be able to afford anyway.â
Mr. Katari contends that banks have been using temporary loan modifications under the Obama plan as justification to avoid an honest accounting of the mortgage losses still on their books.
Only after banks are forced to acknowledge losses and the real estate market absorbs a now pent-up surge of foreclosed properties will housing prices drop to levels at which enough Americans can afford to buy, he argues.
âThen the carpenters can go back to work,â Mr. Katari said. âThe roofers can go back to work, and we start building housing again. If this drips out over the next few years, that whole sector of the economy isnât going to recover.â
The Treasury Department publicly maintains that its program is on track.
âThe program is meeting its intended goal of providing immediate relief to homeowners across the country,â a department spokeswoman, Meg Reilly, wrote in an e-mail message.
But behind the scenes, Treasury officials appear to have concluded that growing numbers of delinquent borrowers simply lack enough income to afford their homes and must be eased out.
In late November, with scant public disclosure, the Treasury Department started the Foreclosure Alternatives Program, through which it will encourage arrangements that result in distressed borrowers surrendering their homes.
The program will pay incentives to mortgage companies that allow homeowners to sell properties for less than they owe on their mortgages short sales, in real estate parlance. The government will also pay incentives to mortgage companies that allow delinquent borrowers to hand over their deeds in lieu of foreclosing.
Ms. Reilly, the Treasury spokeswoman, said the foreclosure alternatives program did not represent a new policy.
âWe have said from the start that modifications will not be the solution for all homeowners and will not solve the housing crisis alone,â Ms. Reilly said by e-mail. âThis has always been a multi-pronged effort.â
Whatever the merits of its plans, the administration has clearly failed to reverse the foreclosure crisis. In 2008, more than 1.7 million homes were âlostâ through foreclosures, short sales or deeds in lieu of foreclosure, according to Moodyâs Economy.com.
Last year, more than two million homes were lost, and Economy.com expects that this yearâs number will swell to 2.4 million.
âI donât think thereâs any way for Treasury to tweak their plan, or to cajole, pressure or entice servicers to do more to address the crisis,â said Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moodyâs Economy.com. âFor some folks, it is doing more harm than good, because ultimately, at the end of the day, they are going back into the foreclosure morass.â
Mr. Zandi argues that the administration needs a new initiative that attacks a primary source of foreclosures: the roughly 15 million American homeowners who are underwater, meaning they owe the bank more than their home is worth.
Increasingly, such borrowers are inclined to walk away and accept foreclosure, rather than continuing to make payments on properties in which they own no equity.
A paper by researchers at the Amherst Securities Group suggests that being underwater âis a far more important predictor of defaults than unemployment.â
From its inception, the Obama plan has drawn criticism for failing to compel banks to write down the size of outstanding mortgage balances, which would restore equity for underwater borrowers, giving them greater incentive to make payments.
A vast majority of modifications merely decrease monthly payments by lowering the interest rate.
Mr. Zandi proposes that the Treasury Department push banks to write down some loan balances by reimbursing the companies for their losses.
He pointedly rejects the notion that government ought to get out of the way and let foreclosures work their way through the market, saying that course risks a surge of foreclosures and declining house prices that could pull the economy back into recession.
âWe want to overwhelm this problem,â he said. âIf we do go back into recession, it will be very difficult to get out.â
Under the current program, the government provides cash incentives to mortgage companies that lower monthly payments for borrowers facing hardships.
The Treasury Department set a goal of three to four million permanent loan modifications by 2012.
âThatâs overly optimistic at this stage,â said Richard H. Neiman, the superintendent of banks for New York State and an appointee to the Congressional Oversight Panel, a body created to keep tabs on taxpayer bailout funds. âThereâs a great deal of frustration and disappointment.â
As of mid-December, some 759,000 homeowners had received loan modifications on a trial basis typically lasting three to five months.
But only about 31,000 had received permanent modifications a step that requires borrowers to make timely trial payments and submit paperwork verifying their financial situation.