Quote from huge:
If a stock is HTB and there is a put/call pricing disparity, is that a reliable bearish indicator? (Albeit one that is very hard to exploit since you can't short the stock and the puts are overpriced) Or is it just as likely that the underlying stock is headed for a short squeeze?
HTB doesn't predict direction but it's often an indication that a sizable move may occur. The underlying reasons for HTB can vary. The most obvious is a valuation/solvency question where sellers believe the UL is going down. Another is a small public float where modest amounts of borrowing affect HTB faster.
You can also have various arb situations. For ex, a risk arb in a takeover (buy the target, sell the acquirer). Another is a large offering of pfd shares that affects borrowability (buy the pfd, short the comnon). I got caught up in a Citigroup conversion two years ago where I ended up 10,000+ short shares of at $2.28. You don't need much of a move to profit intraday when you're trading several 1,000 shares at a time. Problem #1 was that the borrow rate was 102% and that was a huge impedance. Problem #2 was that the unwinding of the arb caused C to rise. I didn't hang around for long
And as you noted, you can have short squeezes due to market perceptions and/or borrow restrictions. This can cause early call exercise since MM's short stock for reversals ... a ripple effect.
Long story short: Market forces determine direction, not borrowabiility.
Stocks move on and off the HTB list, right? If a stock moves off the HTB list, does the put/call disparity disappear either immediately or pretty quickly? Is the HTB list some centralized thing, or does each broker have its own HTB list and its own fees?
Yes, stocks move on and off the HTB list but it's usually a process that occurs over time. As the short interest drops, the borrow fees gradually reduce (daily reset). Concomitantly, the p/c disparity eases. The removal from the HTB list occurs at some arbitrary level, a "one moment" event.
The HTB list is a common denominator but each broker decides how much it wants to charge to lend as well as what how much the borrowing firm hammers you as well