this happens for about 5-10 years and then you learn.The way it usually works...
1. The market is well into chop and giving you indigestion by the time you conclude, "chop".
2. The market surprises when it exits chop, leaving you still thinking it's chop, and you're on the wrong end of things again.
Once you recognize chop, plan to "buy the bottom of the chop range, sell the top of the range" while trying to ignore everything in between.
you have to learn the finer points. the nature of the beast 'chop' is usually large bars which rocket around. once you get small bars that do not rocket around and hang about at the top 1/3 of the range of the large bar,then the hint is that the chop is over.
the market does when it is in fairly generous mood give you hints what it is going to do.
but you are right you generally know after the fact:so do not predict the market just follow it and do not try to trade every swing:if you make two trades giving profit in chop, sit out the next two signals and assume things will change.
it is very easy to give advice

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