What you do not realize is when you buy an index fund, you are essentially, following the major trend of the stockmarket. You may not be aware of it, but, essentially, you are applying and using the same principles of technical analysis, a major point of which is trend following. A lot of the so called hedge fund managers are not traders. They apply the same models created for them by academics and they are not risking their own monies. I would not trust those guys with my monies. I will trade it myself. The real good traders the likes of Paul Tudor Jones, Ed Seykota, etc. are featured in the Market Wizards book of Jack Schwager. As to buy and hold, you see Warren Buffet and a lot of people copy him. How many years has he held his position, 50 years? If you have that time, 50 years to wait, maybe, you will make a lot of monies. Then, again, if you have only 20 years after a huge, brutal bear market decimates your stocks, you may not even get your monies back and breakeven. I had CSCO and paid $120 per share then, during the Dotcom boom as a buy and hold investor which is how I started. CSCO is $39.60 today. Now, 22 years later, CSCO is nowhere near $120 per share. I lost a lot of monies on CSCO then. I lost a lot of monies then, holding onto CSCO. If I still had CSCO now, I would be down 67%, just on CSCO. What about my other stock holdings?