Stat Arb: Pair Trading (US Equity)

I wouldn't trust ANY of those results. Your positive results are most likely due to several bad ticks not visible when performing this type of analysis. Positively correlated pairs above .90 are hell to trade imo.



Quote from bwolinsky:

The Problem comes with them being .98 "POSITIVELY" correlated. For pairs trading to work, you need nearly perfect "NEGATIVE" correlation. You shouldn't expect any security to be under or overvalued relative to the other security when they both move in the same direction. My pairs model still works on these securities, but it's not very robust at the 30 minute level.

In fact at the 30 minute level, my pairs model on IVV and SPY without modifications has these results:

Long + Short Long Only Short Only Buy & Hold
Starting Capital $57,000.00 $57,000.00 $57,000.00 $57,000.00
Ending Capital $57,245.19 $57,245.19 $57,000.00 $52,161.01
Net Profit $245.19 $245.19 $0.00 $-4,838.99
Net Profit % 0.43% 0.43% 0.00% -8.49%
Annualized Gain % 0.08% 0.08% 0.00% -1.62%
Exposure 0.72% 0.72% 0.00% 100.00%

Number of Trades 26 26 0 1
Avg Profit/Loss $9.43 $9.43 $0.00 $-4,838.99
Avg Profit/Loss % 0.02% 0.02% 0.00% -8.49%
Avg Bars Held 5.50 5.50 0.00 19,050.00

Winning Trades 15 15 0 0
Winning % 57.69% 57.69% N/A 0.00%
Gross Profit $1,125.65 $1,125.65 $0.00 $0.00
Avg Profit $75.04 $75.04 $0.00 $0.00
Avg Profit % 0.14% 0.14% 0.00% 0.00%
Avg Bars Held 5.73 5.73 0.00 0.00
Max Consecutive 4 4 0 N/A

Losing Trades 11 11 0 1
Losing % 42.31% 42.31% N/A 100.00%
Gross Loss $-880.46 $-880.46 $0.00 $-4,838.99
Avg Loss $-80.04 $-80.04 $0.00 $-4,838.99
Avg Loss % -0.14% -0.14% 0.00% -8.49%
Avg Bars Held 5.18 5.18 0.00 19,050.00
Max Consecutive 4 4 0 N/A

Max Drawdown $-904.23 $-904.23 $0.00 $-44,788.80
Max Drawdown % -1.57% -1.57% 0.00% -57.27%
Max Drawdown Date 6/29/2007 6/29/2007 N/A 3/6/2009

Wealth-Lab Score 10.85 10.85 0.00 -2.55
Profit Factor 1.28 1.28 0.00 0.00
Recovery Factor 0.27 0.27 N/A 0.11
Payoff Ratio 0.95 0.95 0.00 0.00
Sharpe Ratio 0.18 0.18 0.00 -0.03
Ulcer Index 0.26 0.26 0.00 19.29
Wealth-Lab Error Term 0.15 0.15 0.00 12.50
Wealth-Lab Reward Ratio 0.52 0.52 N/A -0.13
Luck Coefficient 3.50 3.50 0.00 0.00
Pessimistic Rate of Return 0.74 0.74 0.00 0.00
Equity Drop Ratio 0.00 0.00 0.00 -3.93


Not that robust, but at the daily level, they have these results:
Long + Short Long Only Short Only Buy & Hold
Starting Capital $57,000.00 $57,000.00 $57,000.00 $57,000.00
Ending Capital $72,087.08 $72,087.08 $57,000.00 $51,982.40
Net Profit $15,087.08 $15,087.08 $0.00 $-5,017.60
Net Profit % 26.47% 26.47% 0.00% -8.80%
Annualized Gain % 4.43% 4.43% 0.00% -1.69%
Exposure 4.14% 4.14% 0.00% 100.00%

Number of Trades 25 25 0 1
Avg Profit/Loss $603.48 $603.48 $0.00 $-5,017.60
Avg Profit/Loss % 1.00% 1.00% 0.00% -8.78%
Avg Bars Held 2.36 2.36 0.00 1,364.00

Winning Trades 22 22 0 0
Winning % 88.00% 88.00% N/A 0.00%
Gross Profit $19,628.92 $19,628.92 $0.00 $0.00
Avg Profit $892.22 $892.22 $0.00 $0.00
Avg Profit % 1.47% 1.47% 0.00% 0.00%
Avg Bars Held 1.86 1.86 0.00 0.00
Max Consecutive 15 15 0 N/A

Losing Trades 3 3 0 1
Losing % 12.00% 12.00% N/A 100.00%
Gross Loss $-4,541.84 $-4,541.84 $0.00 $-5,017.60
Avg Loss $-1,513.95 $-1,513.95 $0.00 $-5,017.60
Avg Loss % -2.45% -2.45% 0.00% -8.78%
Avg Bars Held 6.00 6.00 0.00 1,364.00
Max Consecutive 1 1 0 N/A

Max Drawdown $-1,976.70 $-1,976.70 $0.00 $-43,945.59
Max Drawdown % -2.95% -2.95% 0.00% -56.62%
Max Drawdown Date 7/8/2008 7/8/2008 N/A 3/9/2009

Wealth-Lab Score 103.79 103.79 0.00 -2.64
Profit Factor 4.32 4.32 0.00 0.00
Recovery Factor 7.63 7.63 N/A 0.11
Payoff Ratio 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00
Sharpe Ratio 1.20 1.20 0.00 -0.04
Ulcer Index 1.06 1.06 0.00 19.14
Wealth-Lab Error Term 1.59 1.59 0.00 12.54
Wealth-Lab Reward Ratio 2.79 2.79 N/A -0.13
Luck Coefficient 2.36 2.36 0.00 0.00
Pessimistic Rate of Return 2.19 2.19 0.00 0.00
Equity Drop Ratio 0.00 0.00 0.00 -3.35


Not bad. Good PF, marginally high Sharpe, good win percentage, but with a statistically insignificant amount of trades. However, given that I haven't modified the program I normally use for QID and QLD, good nonetheless. My advice still stands for this person. Use daily, not intraday in your strategy. You shouldn't have to worry about bid/ask spreads or commissions when pair trading.

The problem with the time frame comes from the fact that you keep crossing under and crossing back over the fair value range. I would agree at the small level, there's not enough entry into an overvalued range to give enough of a profit margin intraday, thus why you must look at daily time frames.

To summarize, the main problem with intraday time frames is that as soon as you cross that magic level of oversold or overbought, you buy, no matter how insignificant that discount from fair value is. So if you are looking at a 5 minute chart, and it goes below your fair value by a penny, then you put in the trade on for that penny, which I can then understand why there would be issues of trading costs. But if you are at the daily level, and it goes below the fair value by a couple percent, THEN, you have a much more robust system.

The thing I've always noted with the look of the ratios in positively correlated pais, is that they move too sharply, and you need a negatively correlated pair to "smooth" the series out so that when one goes down, the other goes up, and you lose the choppiness of the ratio. This advice is quite valuable, but, of course, assumes the OP knows what to do with it.
 
Quote from risktaker:

I wouldn't trust ANY of those results. Your positive results are most likely due to several bad ticks not visible when performing this type of analysis. Positively correlated pairs above .90 are hell to trade imo.

You have a look at the tradeslist, then. I see no bad ticks, and it's hard to screw up the open price. In fact, I don't recall any problems with open or closing prices with Fidelity, just highs and lows.
Position Symbol Shares Entry Date Entry Price Exit Date Exit Price % Change Net Profit Bars Held
Long IVV 484 7/2/2004 113.22 7/20/2004 110.54 -2.4 -1,313.12 11
Long SPY 453 12/2/2004 118.16 12/3/2004 119.1 0.77 409.82 1
Long SPY 450 12/22/2004 119.6 12/23/2004 120.38 0.62 334.95 1
Long IVV 428 11/29/2005 126.67 12/5/2005 126.72 0.01 5.4 4
Long SPY 435 1/4/2006 125.1 1/5/2006 126.86 1.38 749.6 1
Long SPY 426 4/19/2006 128.95 4/20/2006 130.72 1.34 738.02 1
Long SPY 450 6/16/2006 123.92 6/19/2006 125.19 1 555.5 1
Long SPY 430 9/13/2006 130.56 9/14/2006 131.64 0.8 448.4 1
Long SPY 424 10/5/2006 133.23 10/6/2006 134.92 1.24 700.56 1
Long IVV 401 1/26/2007 142.9 2/16/2007 145.74 1.96 1,122.84 15
Long SPY 404 4/13/2007 143.74 4/18/2007 146.97 2.22 1,288.92 3
Long SPY 391 5/31/2007 151.46 6/1/2007 153.66 1.43 844.2 1
Long SPY 407 6/28/2007 148.13 6/29/2007 150.38 1.49 899.75 1
Long SPY 478 3/12/2008 130.72 3/13/2008 132.73 1.51 944.78 1
Long SPY 449 5/2/2008 138.39 5/5/2008 142.33 2.82 1,753.06 1
Long SPY 474 6/16/2008 135.17 6/17/2008 135.55 0.26 164.12 1
Long IVV 498 6/27/2008 128.55 7/8/2008 125.2 -2.63 -1,684.30 6
Long SPY 498 8/6/2008 126.02 8/7/2008 128.02 1.56 980 1
Long SPY 498 8/11/2008 126.58 8/12/2008 129.47 2.26 1,423.22 1
Long SPY 519 9/9/2008 128.04 9/10/2008 125.1 -2.32 -1,544.42 1
Long IVV 524 9/16/2008 117.4 9/17/2008 119.8 2.02 1,241.60 1
Long SPY 780 4/13/2009 84.67 4/14/2009 84.92 0.27 179 1
Long IVV 771 4/21/2009 83.03 4/22/2009 84.36 1.57 1,008.04 1
Long SPY 765 4/30/2009 86.52 5/1/2009 88.55 2.32 1,536.95 1
Long SPY 752 5/27/2009 88.36 5/28/2009 91.44 3.46 2,300.16 1
 
Quote from bwolinsky:

The Problem comes with them being .98 "POSITIVELY" correlated. For pairs trading to work, you need nearly perfect "NEGATIVE" correlation.

no, you don't. you just need a blip of deviation and the infrastructure to catch it.

just because your margins are only viable down to 30, doesn't mean others aren't down to ms.

better to not speak/think in absolutes, or in subjective bubbles relative to your abilities/timeframe... you will almost always limit yourself if you do.
 
Quote from propseeker:

no, you don't. you just need a blip of deviation and the infrastructure to catch it.

just because your margins are only viable down to 30, doesn't mean others aren't down to ms.

better to not speak/think in absolutes, or in subjective bubbles relative to your abilities/timeframe... you will almost always limit yourself if you do.

It's obvious you don't know what you're talking about, but it's ok, I've yet to hear someone from Wall Street explain how to do a pairs trade correctly, and that includes on this board, too, so don't take it personally.

You missed the point, and I'm sure you're not the only one. The premise of a pairs trade is that there is a sufficient deviation from the respective value that allows you to arbitrage the mispricing. The problem at any level below daily is that it doesn't make any sense to arbitrage out just a penny of inefficiency for obvious reasons. The daily time frame allows prices to move further away from the correct value, and you don't have to worry about commissions or transaction costs if you have a sufficiently large mispricing. Does it make sense to you to pay 99.99 if you know the price should be 100? No, it doesn't, and if that wasn't your answer, you have far greater things to be worried about. That's why millisecond strategies don't work. Generally, there's two securities perfectly correlated either positively or negatively and if they deviate from their value you take a position. The problem as the op is running into is the transaction costs and other incidental costs to running the strategy. The strategy can be corrected at the daily level for all the reasons I've spoken about previously because at the intraday level there is not a sufficiently large mispricing to take advantage of the arbitrage opportunity. The ratio will always be the same no matter if we are at the minute, second, tick or daily level. The point is, it doesn't make any sense to put the position on when there's an insignificant amount of value to pull from the market, and that's the OP's main problem.
 
Bw,

I think that's good news that a daily timeframe is more profitable for all the reasons stated.

However, what about all the trading that Ed Thorp's, aka mr beat the dealer" firm engages in? Isn't that a stat arb operation on an intraday timeframe. I understand he has been amazingly profitable.

best,

J-Law
 
Quote from J-Law:

Bw,

I think that's good news that a daily timeframe is more profitable for all the reasons stated.

However, what about all the trading that Ed Thorp's, aka mr beat the dealer" firm engages in? Isn't that a stat arb operation on an intraday timeframe. I understand he has been amazingly profitable.

best,

J-Law

Pairs trading is all I really do anymore. I'm willing to acknowledge there's other strategies out there that work, but the thread is about pair trading in US equities, and the advice I've given only applies in that regard.

I also have never heard of Ed Thorp. The only real way to beat a dealer is through flash trading.
 
Quote from bwolinsky:

Pairs trading is all I really do anymore. I'm willing to acknowledge there's other strategies out there that work, but the thread is about pair trading in US equities, and the advice I've given only applies in that regard.

I also have never heard of Ed Thorp. The only real way to beat a dealer is through flash trading.

At least 34 ways to skin a cat, venerable Brother Bowlinsky and you may not have tried all the different slicing and dicing implements out there:D
Regarding trading pairs of US equities, just because you may not know anyone that is making money scalping or swinging intraday, doesn't mean they don't exist. IMO, IVV:SPY would be difficult intraday due to IVV's relatively low liquidity as you are going for pennies...slippage, etc... Not my game, but something like CMCSA:CMCSK or any stock and its rare uber-liquid preferred may work better.
Check out some pairs like APC:OXY, HCP:HCN or even USB:WFC and see if you don't see intraday opportunities (as well as multiday swings, of course). I do both intraday and hold some long term, if need be but know people that are out of everything at the end of the day every day and are consistently profitable, month in and month out. If you think it is better to stick with only multi-day plays, entirely up to you but know that it is a potentially profitable technique.
On Ed Thorp, besides the articles cited above, check out the book "Fortune's Formula," a good read I am thinking you would get into.
Angus
 
Quote from J-Law:

Thorp was an M.I.T mathematics professor whom devised a system to beat the blackjack dealer back in the 60's. He later went on to Wall street where he made billions in Convertible & stat arb ......& pairs trading.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Thorp

Please look at the Reference section under Stat Arb page for articles on his trading. As a trader, but more so as a pairs trader
you will enjoy the read.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat_arb

That dude's fucking rich. Quote: "In May 1998 Thorp reported that his personal investments yielded an annualized 20 percent rate of return averaged over 28.5 years. [16]
"

Well, I'm about at 18.5% annualized, so I'm sure I'll be able to keep up. Every 10k is about 1.5 mil, so at the very least, he's a millionaire, but more likely to be a multimillionaire.
 
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