Why is Japans health care efficiency so high while costs are low? (socialized care? tax payer subsidized meds and services?)
Japanese culture has accepted the trade off of a capitalistic system for the efficiency of a socialized one and has funded it appropriately. While I am not familiar with the details, I would only guess to say that their healthcare costs are offset by the indirect affects of high taxation specifically for healthcare. People jut accept it for a fact of life and do not object to paying more in taxes and paying less out-of-pocket when they need to seek treatment.
Also, the cultural lifestyle is much more conducive to preventative medicine (which, to my understanding, is a much larger portion of their overall system than ours). Their diet and active way of life helps keep the affects of expensive illnesses on a more controllable level.
Can the Japanese model be effectively implemented in the United States? (ie what unique bureaucratic/cultural/legislative hurdles must be overcome prior to implementation?)
Of course but all the general public has to accept all the above criteria to make it work. It that light, and the fact that American culture is what it is, I don't think that adopting a similar model is likely.
I don't necessarily think the US has to adopt a socialistic model in its purest fashion to fix the problems we face. However, sacrifices are going to have to be made before it gets any better. I don't think the biggest hurdles are bureaucratic or legislative (although they are certainly huge), I think its the cultural ones that are going to get us. There are still too many people that stigmatize socialized medical system while, unbeknownst to them, they already have one.