Sorry to single you out MrN; there is a lot of stupidly going on here since I left this thread weeks...months ago...
The distinction between corporations as persons is misunderstood. The original distinction was a legal fiction so that corporations could have standing in courts as persons. The understanding should have been limited to that context, but it has been expanded into much confusion on contexts within which it does not make sense.
Taxes should be paid by people who earn money in ways that optimize tax collection without economic distortion and in ways where the collection of the tax occurs at the same time as the money is present.
Corporations are really not people for the purpose of paying taxes. Properly understood, a corporation is as asset that is owned by persons. Law has evolved so that in most developed countries it is not legal for persons to own persons. So, we need to get beyond the idea that corporations as persons for the purpose of legal standing and that they are not really persons for the purpose of ownership of assets.
The way to tax corporations properly is to tax the owners of corporations on the earnings they derive from those corporations.
Presently in the U.S. public corporations are taxed on their enterprise earnings without regard for any tax that could be levied on the owners of the corporation. After a public corporation is taxed then the owners are taxed again when the corporation distributes any dividend to the owners. This can be understood as double taxation of earnings.
Most countries donât do it this way. Most countries give some credit to the corporate tax paid when the owner tax is levied. Many developed countries do not tax dividends at all because the corporation pays tax. This is highly variable between countries and too complex to deal with properly here. All I want to communicate on this issue here is that the U.S. tax rate is much higher, especially because it is double taxed than any other developed country in the world. Of course effective tax payments by public corporations are generally lower than the rates indicate because of leverage and tax subsidies for crony capitalist payback. This is uneven in industries but generally by leverage alone international public corporations pay less than the published rates. However, the dividends are generally taxed at the published rate...so where domestic corp. Sub S corps that are mature and successful pay the full private rate of 39%, public corps end up paying more like 22% because they have more access to leverage and cronyism...when you put the dividend tax on top of that, public owners end up paying another 23% as dividend and Obama care tax, so 45% of pubic corp. distributed earnings are effectively taxed while 39% of Sub S earnings are taxed whether distributed or not.
This high level of tax has had the effect of driving investment out of domestic U.S. production and pushing investment offshore where the tax can be avoided so long as profits are not repatriated. It also breeds the distortion of borrowing money to pay buy back stock which produces an unrealized gain in stock prices that is not taxed until sold instead of paying dividends. Because leverage is used to fund the stock buy backs the effect is also to reduce reportable earnings and reduce corporate tax at the same time. The downside is that it breeds more leverage and so more risk on balance sheets.
When you understand how all this nonsensical tax code is gamed you can see that revenue would actually go up if public corporations were not taxed on their earnings at all and instead the owners of the corporations were taxed on according to the dividends they receive from their asset ownership. The existing excess profits tax could be enforced to insure that earnings would be paid out as dividends or taxed anyway if they are not paid out. This tax law change would have the added benefit of changing the incentives in BOD behavior and shareholder activism...there would be a demand for dividends and management for income. As no tax would be paid by public corps then there would be less leverage and public corps would evolve stronger balance sheets. The distinction between Sub S enterprise form and C Corp enterprise form would disappear that there would be no difference. The distortion of holding foreign profits outside the U.S. would disappear and those earnings would be repatriated for domestic investment. And best of all, total tax revenue collected by the IRS from owners dividends at regular income tax rates would be significantly higher than what they get today under the current ridiculous corrupt system.
So, don't be a putz, reduce corp. tax to zero and raise dividend tax to regular income rates and enforce law to make corps pay dividends; you will collect more money and obsolete a lot of dysfunctional behavior...but you will have to pass an immigration law to fill all the jobs that will be created by the flood of foreign investment and domestic repatriation that would follow.