By Marshall Loeb, CBS.MarketWatch.com
Last Update: 1:58 AM ET March 1, 2003
It was Tolstoy who wrote, memorably, at the beginning of "Anna Karenina," "All happy families resemble one another; but every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way."
More than a century later, you or I might write, "All bull markets resemble one another, but every bear market is unhappy in its own way."
If you have lived through several devouring bear markets (as I have), you conclude (as I do) that this one is really different -- unhappy in its own way.
It is broader, deeper, more pervasive and surely much longer than those bear markets of yesteryear, say, 1956-57 or 1968-70 or 1973-74 or 1976-78. You feel the ursine mood just about every time you get together with business people.
You ask, hopefully: "How's business?"
The almost invariable answer, whether talking to a Baltimore limo driver or a Fortune 500 CEO: "Terrible."
So it was last Wednesday evening, when hundreds of corporate types gathered at a dinner of the Economic Club of New York to hear the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Richard B. Myers. The crowd was optimistic about the military, apprehensive about the economy. A quick sampling of the normally ebullient guests turned up precious few bulls.
Even the perpetual optimists are quiet these days when you ask them when the economy, and the market, might turn up in a sustained rally. There are very few of those familiar forecasts of "just-wait-for-two-more-quarters."
Nor are there many predictions as to just what forces might lead the economy -- and the market -- back up.
My own view is that the beginning of the end of the economic malaise, and of the bear market, will occur when tens of thousands of middle managers stomp into their bosses' offices and proclaim, almost in unison, "Boss, we just HAVE to go out and buy more stuff -- more computers, more trucks and tractors, more tools -- because what we have is wearing out and becoming outdated."
When that will happen is anybody's guess. My hunch is that it will occur sooner rather than later, even though those bosses lately have shown that they are able to stretch their machinery -- and their employees -- to far greater lengths than we had imagined. One favorable portent: orders for capital goods, excluding aircraft and defense products, surged in January by an encouraging 5.4 percent.
So far this year, the stock market has fallen -- by some 5.5 percent, as measured by the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Last week once again, the Dow zigged and zagged -- down 160 on Monday, up 51 on Tuesday, down 103 on Wednesday, up 78 on Thursday, up 6 on Friday. In all, the Dow lost 127 for the week, and closed at 7,891.
The market continued to be held hostage by the Iraq crisis. When it appeared that war would break out at any moment, the market fell like a stone. When it seemed that we might escape without a shooting war, markets firmed.
But other factors also pushed stocks up or down. Consumer confidence dropped to a nine-year low in February, drained by worries over war, fear of terrorist attacks, job insecurity and energy price shocks. Crude oil prices since mid-January have spurted from $30 to $36.60 (On Thursday they briefly touched $39.99, close to the all-time high of $41.15 in the futures market in October 1990, during the Gulf War.)
On the plus side, the gross domestic product in last year's fourth quarter rose 1.4 percent, which was certainly not robust, but twice as much as initially estimated a month ago.
In this mixed environment, one thing that we are learning is that just because we have had three years in a row of bear markets, there's no guarantee that we won't suffer through a fourth straight year of market decline.
Three scholars at the London Business School -- Elroy Dimson, Paul Marsh and Mike Staunton -- have studied global stock markets going back to 1900 and conclude that there is a 38 percent chance that a global bear market will strike in any given year. The good news is that there is a 62 percent probability that markets will rise rather than fall.
But, as the professors write, "Once three successive annual returns have been in the same direction, the market is unlikely to have any memory of this, and a continuation of the trend is about as likely as a reversal ... Investors or corporations who anticipate a return to the stock market conditions of the 1990s are mistaken. This is simply irrational optimism."
Or, as Anna Karenina might have said, grounds for a train wreck.
Marshall Loeb, former editor of Fortune, Money, and The Columbia Journalism Review, writes "Your Dollars" exclusively for CBS.MarketWatch.com. Reporter Rebecca Samuels contributed to this article