Normally prestressed cables are used. These cables are streched before the concrete is added to the construction. Then the cables are "released" removing the stress on the cables. But as these cables are "retracing" in the concrete, the strenght of the concrete is much higher because the concrete is under permanent stress from the cables that try to retrace.
If now these cables are damaged, the whole concrete element has to be replaced. You cannot just put stress again on the ends of the broken cable and weld or attach a new piece of cable between the two ends. The whole part that was initially build as one piece with prestressed cables has to be removed and replaced.
I understood your use of the term "hanging bridge" as meaning is was a cable suspended deck aka suspension bridge.
Of the two that were attacked recently one was a truss and the other a beam bridge looking at photos.
Certainly its impractical to retention a trussed deck (for anyone else this is like how a guitar neck is tensioned with a bar running through it to balance the tension of the strings so the deck is straight) however.. If the supporting bridge columns are intact, there are numerous ways to patch the spans between them. HIMARS will make holes in the deck between columns and sure, the broken tension trusses will reduce overall load capacity but even if they struck a span from left to right so a section of deck fell into the river, this can be patched with an arch beam structure or even a floating arrangement.
You take out these bridges by taking out columns ans/or by collapsing so many deck spans between them it's huge job. But it's a huge amount of ordinance. Maybe it was worth it to them, awaiting the before and after when it's out.
Nobody is talking about a permanent proper first world repair to last years or even be safe, just getting equipment across.
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