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According to public data, this may be a complex convoluted b-book. Citadel not only pays Robinhood for order flow data, Citadel Securities also clears orders for Robinhood. Not only that, Robinhood gets 35% of it's revenue from Citadel:
According to a June report from the Financial Times, $39 million of Robinhood’s revenues from equities and options order flow came from Citadel Securities, a market maker sister firm of Citadel. At the time, this represented more than 35% of the trading platform’s revenues.
Which looks like the FXCM trick; Robinhood is not operating a b-book. They clear through Citadel Securities, a market maker, who b-books the trades (goes short basically) by not clearing them. In addition to that, Citadel is heavily invested in Melvin Capital, the hedge fund with a massive short position in $GME.
NOTE: It is not possible to short private equity stock. Robinhood is currently a private company, available on private markets. They claim to have plans for an IPO but so did Refco. If Robinhood's book is as toxic as it seems, there is no way out for the firm other than to drive the prices of these stocks back down, or to simply reverse the positions which never really existed in the first place. They might want to call b-book mastermind Dror "Drew" Niv who was able to mask his b-booking operation by creating an offshore entity who was the sole counterparty of transactions below a certain size. He's currently chumming it up with his bros in Greenwich, CT since his firm FXCM has been permanently banned by the NFA."
This is major conflict of interest. If Citadel has non-arm's length dealing with Robinhood and is also heavily invested in Melvin Capital, one of the biggest short sellers of GME, then Robinhood is not a direct market access broker. It's actually a MM trading against its clients very much the same as those Forex brokers. No wonder its commission is zero. I have always wondered about that. With the services that you need to offer as a broker, how can you afford not to charge commissions? Now I know the answer. It's operating like a MM forex MM. broker and that's how those MM forex broker are, zero commissions. Disgusting!