Icahn is a smart guy, a guy with very good advice in my opinion, but maybe not as smart as he should be. I chalk that up to him being to busy with his own investment world to peel back enough layers of complexity to get down to the roots of problems. He mentions too low rates leading up to the financial crisis. And that is correct in my view. However raising rates has many side effects. Some desirable and others not so. Certainly a modest hike in rates was long in order before the crisis. But a combination of a small hike in rates coupled with tightening of mortgage underwriting [that's where the Fed failed us badly] was what was really needed no later than 2005. Also, the Fed should have left raising the margin requirement on the Table instead of taking it off, as Greenspan did. These tools should be used in a coordinated way.
In my personal opinion, the fundamental reason Bernanke was so much better than Greenspan as Fed Chairman, is that Bernanke knows well the difference between models and the real economy. If something was not working he was capable of rethinking the situation, whereas Greenspan was blinded by his ideology. He steadfastly believed that markets, if left alone, would correct excesses, more or less harmlessly, through market forces. He was horribly wrong! At least he has finally admitted some of his mistakes, but even there he's done a bad job of analyzing what went wrong. For example he has said that he was wrong to have thought that bankers would never act against their own self-interest. But at the time the bankers were getting rich securitizing and peddling junk mortgages as high quality CDOs it wasn't clear to them that they weren't acting in their best interests, and as a matter of fact it is still not clear. This statement by Greenspan stands as a confirmation of his belief in simple market equilibrium theory.
Nixon appointed Greenspan to his Council of Economic Advisors as a payoff for working on his election campaign. At the time of this appointment Greenspan was a competent professional musician, he had attended Julliard, studied economics, and was a partner in a NY investment advisory firm. His competence to serve on Nixon's Council was highly suspect. He moved quickly to cover up his embarrassing, on-paper deficiencies by earning a Ph.D. moonlighting at NYU. His mentor at NYU would have no doubt been happy to have Greenspan as his graduate student, as being the mentor to a member of the President's Council would have looked impressive on his own Vita. The real culprit was Reagan, who appointed Greenspan as Fed chairman. Just another in what proved to be unfortunate Reagan decisions regarding the economy. Here is a link to the most charitable article I could find re Greenspan's Ph.D. dissertation.
http://www.barrons.com/articles/SB120917419049046805?mod=mktw#articleTabs_article=1