Barack Obama has the best economic ideas of the three major candidates. Hillary takes second place in my view; McCain would be a complete disaster and he would just dig the hole we are in deeper.
The whole root of the U.S.'s problem stems from bad economic policies that the Republicans believe in
- tax cuts are always good and raise revenue
- unregulated free markets are good for the economy
- disproportionate tax cuts to the wealthy result in "trickle down" benefits to lower income households
Let me dismantle and refute all of them.
Tax Cuts. The right wing believes the lower the tax rate, the better. The obvious problem with this is that it causes persistent budget deficits and a weaker dollar. Tax rates in the U.S. are clearly too low -- when the economy rebounded in 2004-2007, the boom should have generated enough revenue to balance the budget. Worse, insufficient revenue starves the government from doing what it does best in recessions, which is to stimulate the economy through spending (e.g., public works projects). Low tax rates cause an unending cycle of budget deficits that weaken the currency. The damage the Bush administration has done to the U.S. dollar borders on the criminal.
Unregulated Free Markets. Free markets are a fairy tale. They could work in a perfect world, but only if all of the participants are honest, ethical and all transactions are transparent. The mortgage crisis is a poster child for the flawed free market hypothesis. Unregulated banks and lenders crashed the system by conducting unethical opaque mortgage trades. The only reason the crisis exists is because unregulated lenders rebundled their products in a way that hid the risk from the market. Enron is another example -- energy traders, when unregulated, took advantage and made unethical trades. Until mankind becomes ethically pure, business needs to be regulated to ensure we all get a fair and open transaction.
Trickle Down. Doesn't work, never did and never will. Give a $1,000 tax credit to a lower middle class person and it gets spent, providing immediate economic stimulus. Give $1,000 to a wealthy person and it sits in a money market account. Tax cuts for the wealthy are the least efficient form of economic stimulus because the money tends to get stuck.
Barack Obama believes in "bottom up" economics and government. He's right. The best way for both the lower and higher economic classes to benefit is to ensure a growing and expanding middle class. Once that happens, money "trickles up" and the rich get richer as the middle class consume more products and services.