ive never come across an edge where you could vary position size based on the probability of a signal, though im sure you could vary it if the position wasnt correlated to the other one.
so what sort of anomaly could you trade off making money on two positions in one market, with the same risk? something mean reverting i guess. say a collapse of volatility or an increase of volatility. but unless you have a guaranteed signal, there is no way in my mind to limit market risk the way you suggest. at least in the long-term. if you are trading discretely, one trade long, followed by and exit followed by a short in a pattern, i suppose that risk could be seen as not the same as an outright long or short position. it would behave like an option, with the minimal cost being slippage and commission, and borrowing charge. the downside risk would be controlled.
definitely a real dream of an algorithm if such one is out there.