For starters, states like New York run up "their" debt indirectly. They issue bonds through tens of thousands of separate legal entities. New York "state" doesn't owe all of that $78.4 billion in debt -- it owes only $3.5 billion in "general-obligation" debt.
Who owes the rest? The MTA, the Dormitory Authority, the Triborough Bridge & Tunnel Authority and so on. Legally, each is not a government but a "public-benefit corporation." Each has its own board, its own rules and its own contractual agreements with creditors, from bondholders to unions. Each of those agreements offers creditors different protections.
The Transitional Finance Authority, for example, gets funds to pay off its bonds from New York City taxes that are collected by the state, which pays the TFA its share before sending any cash to the city.
Other "state" bondholders depend on things like car tolls to pay off their debt. If this money comes up short, the state in some cases promises to make up the difference; in other cases, bondholders already know that they will take the hit, through decades-old precedents that don't need new federal interference.
So, if we let New York go "bankrupt," does that mean that the TFA should go bankrupt? How 'bout the MTA? Should they all go bankrupt? Should a judge be able to take a big pile of money that the MTA, as a corporation working on behalf of the state, has committed to transit retirees and give it to, say, Dormitory Authority bondholders? Why would it be a good idea to shred existing contracts and laws? But if you don't do that, then bankruptcy doesn't really deal with "state" debt.
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http://www.nypost.com/p/news/opinio...e_states_Y453OpE9bY5TJdYPZVSOcP#ixzz1BycMHPh1