Quote from Rearden Metal:
Wait... what??? That's like saying that my not robbing my local bank today has <i><b>cost</b></i> me about $10,000 in uncollected revenue.
They have it all backwards. The government costs the people money, not the other way around. Besides the fact that no matter how much politicians raise or lower our tax rates, they always end up collecting a bit under 18% of the total U.S. GDP in tax revenue.
If you include state taxes, the USA takes 28% of GDP in tax revenues each year. Some comparisons:
Denmark: 49%
France: 43%
Italy: 43%
UK: 37%
Germany: 36%
Australia: 30%
Switzerland: 30%
USA: 28%
Japan: 28%
Turkey: 24%
Mexico: 20%
Singapore: 13%
Hong Kong: 13%
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tax_revenue_as_percentage_of_GDP
So the USA is not that highly taxed, compared to much of the 1st world. Japan is an outlier because they have racked up national debt at insane levels, and have a small defence budget. They will be forced to hike their taxes aggressively at some point. With the USA, if you consider that it probably overspends on defence to subsidise the security of other places like Europe, Japan, Saudi, Taiwan, S Korea etc, it could probably knock that 28% rate down to 25% with no ill effects domestically.
Noticeable outliers are Singapore and Hong Kong, at 13%. This proves that you can have a rich, functioning 1st world society without high tax rates. Given the economic success and social stability of these places, which 50-100 years ago were third world dumps, it seems insane that not more countries are copying their low tax model. Even if there are some effects from being city-states and regional trading hubs, which could not be replicated by most other countries, especially larger ones, it is still a powerful piece of evidence that small government works better than big. And anyone who says that high taxes are necessary is flat-out disproved by these real world examples.
So, if the USA got rid of policies like welfare, and the war on drugs, government spending could be slashed even more, and taxes could be reduced to levels not much more than HK and Singapore, with the resulting positive knock-on effects. The USA could easily provide all the core functions of government with a flat tax of around 15-20%.