Options are the Biggest market: There is $1.2 quadrillion invested in derivatives alone.

imo, to say the notional of a swaps contract is different than a futures contract is hard to understand, or completely correct.

A conventional swaps contract is equivalent to a series of forwards/futures/CFDs/options contracts for a number of consecutive periods/months.

The following new development about Swap Futures could rectify this conventional (mis)conception by treating them almost equal.

Just 2 cents!

Q
CME deliverable swap futures seek to ease Dodd-Frank clearing constraints

November 26th, 2012

http://www.optionscity.com/blog/cme...seek-to-ease-dodd-frank-clearing-constraints/

Looking to harness market interest in adding exposure to interest-rate swaps, the CME Group is launching a futures contract Dec. 3 that is deliverable into a CME-cleared over-the-counter interest rate swap at expiration.

“The requirement to clear [OTC] swaps under Dodd-Frank is a very big burden for the markets,” said Sean Tully, managing director of interest rate products at CME Group.

The 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act backs the benefits of derivatives oversight, trade reporting, and capital and margin requirements. It also maintains centralized clearing and exchange trading of standardized swaps will reduce counterparty credit risk in the financial system.

These requirements can lend themselves to regulated futures trading. And, Tully says, a futures account is relatively easy to set up. “It can be done in 24 hours.”

Market analysts say the physically deliverable feature of the new CME swaps futures contract makes it stand apart from previous attempts by exchanges – including the CME and LIFFE (with its Swapnote contract) — to capture a piece of the OTC swap market, and may heighten its appeal.

Traders say dealer interest in the CME’s current swap futures offering has been percolating, but volume has been meager.

The same can’t be said for the underlying market. As of June 2012, the most recent figures, the notional value of interest rate swaps stood at $379 trillion, with U.S. dollar-denominated swaps representing $123 trillion, according to data from the Bank for International Settlements. The notional value of the contract is used to calculate the periodic payments and is not exchanged.

In a single-currency OTC interest rate swap the parties involved agree to exchange periodic payments based on a fixed interest rate that is agreed upon at the start of the transaction. Floating rate reset dates and payment intervals also are established at the outset of the deal.

As with interest rate futures, swap market participants generally use interest-rate derivatives to hedge interest-rate risk or to take a position on rates’ future direction.

At the CME, the deliverable U.S. dollar-denominated interest rate swap futures will be available on benchmark maturities, or tenors: 2, 5, 10 and 30 years, quoted on a price basis, with a fixed coupon for each contract provided at their listing. The contracts will settle quarterly, conforming to existing IMM settlement dates. In addition, the contracts will be subject to futures-style margining and automatic netting of positions.

Jack Callahan, executive director of OTC products at the CME Group, said open interest remains in the exchange’s existing cash-settled swap futures contracts, ”and we have no plans to delist them.”

There will be no conversions of the existing swap contracts by CME, Callahan said, but market participants can choose to roll out of their cash-settled contracts and into deliverable swap futures.

The CME says Credit Suisse, Citibank, Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley are among firms planning to serve as market-makers in the new swaps contract. Block-trade market makers also will be in place, Tully said.

“We have had very positive feedback from asset managers and hedge funds, who want exposure to swaps” without the burden of the new OTC regulations, Tully said. “We really designed this for asset managers and banks.”

The CME’s Eurodollar contract has been a customary hedge vehicle for OTC interest rate swaps, and Tully says he expects that symmetry will continue between the new swap futures contracts and Eurodollar futures, particularly toward the front end of the curve.

A key goal of Dodd-Frank’s Wall Street reforms, as stated on the Treasury’s website, is to bring “the derivatives market out of the darkness and into the light of day.”

The fact that the new CME swaps contract is standardized and transparent “is a very big appeal,” said Tully.

UQ
 
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OddTrader, I think you are failing to understand the math behind swaps. Swaps are just a exchange of interest payments that are benchmarked against a notional amount. The notional amount is not really that relevant. It more or less just gives the size of the overall economy. Quoting the notional amount is not the same as quoting the notional amount say of an FX trader on ET who is using 50 to 1 leverage where they have 1k up in margin but could lose 50k. Swaps are not marginable in that context. As the economy grows, so will the size of the swap market.

Forget it. He's on a roll.
 
OddTrader, most of the media and journalists that write about swaps don't understand them. Most of the journalists and bloggers don't understand them either. Can you lose money on swaps? Of course. But that means there is a counterparty making money on them. The whole swap boogeyman angle just doesn't work. Firms can make bad bets on interest rates, currencies, stocks, oil, even NFL football.

The real risk with swaps is not the leverage but the counterparty risk. However, pure interest rate swaps have the advantage of being fungible. Swaps that are tied to mortgages are more tricky. Hence the 2008 mortgage crisis in which swaps were written not on the fixed for floating differential but rather on paper whose value was tied to an over valued house. Therefore CDS on mortgages ARE risky as are all MBSs. We can't lump all this stuff together.
 
Q The Root Cause Of The 2008 Financial Meltdown: Derivatives
Submitted by IWB, on January 15th, 2011

http://investmentwatchblog.com/the-root-cause-of-the-2008-financial-meltdown-derivatives/

During the financial crisis in 2008, the root cause of the meltdown was derivatives. Specifically, CDOs, or Collateralized Debt Obligations related to mortgages and CDSs, or Credit Default Swaps. Derivatives encompass a wide range of financial products: futures contracts, interest rate swaps, options contracts, foreign exchange contracts (currencies), etc.

...

The table below shows the growth of derivatives since the 4th quarter 1999, as well as quarter-by-quarter since the beginning of 2007 to show how the banks have addressed the issue of exposure to derivatives since the most recent crash in 2008. Please take note “ the figures in the table below are the notional value of all derivatives in $Millions, so that first figure for commercial banks represents $234.654 TRILLION.

————Commercial Banks—–Holding Cos.
Q3 2010——$234,654,564——-$304,998,518
Q2 2010——$223,376,234——-$294,750,102
Q1 2010——$216,452,168——-$292,955,285
Q4 2009——$212,807,628——-$293,051,633
Q3 2009——$204,264,217——-$293,393,697
Q2 2009——$203,459,972——-$291,245,589
Q1 2009——$201,964,212——-$291,479,995
Q4 2008——$200,381,607——-$174,051,895
Q3 2008——$175,841,765——-$184,729,848
Q2 2008——$182,135,432——-$194,324,266
Q1 2008——$180,344,216——-$185,933,647
Q4 2007——$164,196,187——-$169,208,574
Q3 2007——$171,175,332——-$179,746,410
Q2 2007——$152,501,693——-$160,475,631
Q1 2007——$144,789,624——-$151,779,381
Q4 1999——-$34,816,789———$37,972,812

Since the repeal of Glass-Steagall in 1999, the total notional value of derivatives has grown by over 700% for holdings companies and 674% for commercial banks. Even more alarming, since the third quarter of 2008 when the cracks in the financial system were clearly evident, derivatives at the commercial banks have grown from $175 TRILLION to $234 TRILLION “ a $59 TRILLION increase. To put this in perspective, the cumulative Gross Domestic Product in the United States over that same time frame (Q3 2008 through Q3 2010) was approximately $32 TRILLION.

The tables below summarize the assets and derivatives holdings for the top five banks and the top five holding companies based on the most recent report issued by the OCC for the Third Quarter of 2010 (Figures in $Millions). The A/D ratio is the asset to derivatives ratio.
—————————————————-Assets————-Derivatives——–A/D Ratio
JP Morgan Chase Bank NA———-$1,642,691———$77,747,170———-2.1%
Citi National Assn————————$1,209,221———$51,410,415———2.4%
Bank of America NA———————$1,489,198———$50,467,838———3.0%
Goldman Sachs Bank USA—————-$96,105———$42,777,908———0.2%
HSBC USA National Assn—————-$189,731———-$3,872,488———-4.9%
Totals for Top 5—————————-$4,626,946——-$226,275,819———-2.0%
All Banks (1,105 Banks)—————$10,690,635——-$234,654,564———-4.6%
Excluding Top 5 (1,100 Banks———$6,063,689———-$8,378,745———72.4%

———————————————-Assets———–Derivatives——————-A/D Ratio
JP Morgan Chase & Co.————$2,141,595———–$78,660,494—————2.7%
Bank of America Corp.—————$2,341,160———–$72,310,369—————3.2%
CitiGroup, Inc.—————————$1,983,280———–$49,512,642—————4.0%
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.———-$908,860———–$48,458,241—————1.9%
Morgan Stanley—————————-$841,372———–$41,830,849—————2.0%
Totals for Top—————————-$8,216,267———$290,772,595—————2.8%
Top 25 Holding Companies——-$13,668,715———$304,998,518—————4.5%
Excluding Top 5————————-$5,452,448———-$14,225,923————-38.3%

The top 5 banks currently hold 96% of all derivatives for the 1,105 Banks reporting. The top 5 holding companies have 95% of all derivatives.

... ...

The question is not will it happen again “ the question is WHEN it will happen?

I am 99% confident it WILL happen again – I am 99% confident that the scale of the collapse will be MUCH LARGER than the most recent collapse in 2008 “ and I am 99% confident we will be in FAR WORSE SHAPE to deal with the collapse in light of the massive amounts of debt that countries have accumulated during this most recent collapse.
UQ
As long as the working man and woman can pay their mortgage, car loan, credit card debt, student loans, medical insurance, then there's nothing to worry about, man. Just enjoy the ride. A little Home Depot and some Wells Fargo will do you Good.
 
As long as the working man and woman can pay their mortgage, car loan, credit card debt, student loans, medical insurance, then there's nothing to worry about, man. Just enjoy the ride. A little Home Depot and some Wells Fargo will do you Good.
Oh I forgot taxes.
 
Q
Dec 24, 2015 7:44am
Fed ‘hijacked’ by bankers, Sanders says

http://www.ejinsight.com/20151224-fed-hijacked-by-bankers-sanders-says/

... ...

“Wall Street is still out of control,” Sanders wrote in a New York Times opinion piece Wednesday.

Seven years after large US banks were bailed out by the Treasury Department because they were too big to fail, the banks have become even bigger, leaving taxpayers at risk of another bailout, he said.

“To rein in Wall Street, we should begin by reforming the Federal Reserve,” Sanders wrote.

“Unfortunately, an institution that was created to serve all Americans has been hijacked by the very bankers it regulates.”

... ...
UQ
 
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