"
Research funding is a term generally covering any funding for scientific
research, in the areas of both "hard"
science and
technology and
social science. The term often connotes funding obtained through a competitive process, in which potential research projects are evaluated and only the most promising receive funding. Such processes, which are run by government, corporations or foundations, allocate scarce funds.
Most research funding comes from two major sources, corporations (through
research and development departments) and government (primarily carried out through universities and specialized government agencies). Some small amounts of scientific research are carried out (or funded) by charitable foundations, especially in relation to developing cures for diseases such as
cancer,
malaria and
AIDS.[
citation needed]
According to
OECD, around two-thirds of
research and development in scientific and technical fields is carried out by industries, and 20% and 10% respectively by
universities and government."