Ice ages are due to variations in earth's
astronomical cycles. (Also known as:
Milankovitch cycles.)
Earth's rotation isn’t stable; it wobbles a little like a gyroscope. This alters the distribution of solar energy hitting the earth. Nor is earth's orbit a perfect circle around the sun, it is elliptical and the shape of the ellipse varies over time.
(See footnote for more detail.)
When less solar energy is received earth enters into an ice age; when earth begins to receive more solar energy it comes out of the ice age. The amount of solar energy and the resulting changes to temperature this has can be worked out and it amounts to around 5 degrees C.
As the earth’s temperature begins to drop feedback occur that reduce the amount of CO2 being produced and atmospheric concentrations begin to fall.
At the end of an ice age as more solar energy is received and again as temperatures begin to rise; feedbacks begin to produce more CO2 increasing CO2 concentrations.
Another way of describing this is that the initial temperature changes at the beginnings and ends of ice ages are caused by changes in orbital forcing. These temperature changes have effects on the natural carbon, nitrogen, and methane cycles.
In particular, initial warming reduces ocean uptake of atmospheric carbon (because warmer water can absorb less CO2 from the atmosphere), and warmer temperatures increase the decay rate of vegetative matter.
Similarly, cooling at the start of an ice age increases ocean uptake and reduces emissions from vegetative decay.
In other words, CO2 does not initiate the cooling or warming, but acts as an amplifier once they are underway.
It's estimated that CO2 (along with other greenhouse gases CH4 and N2O) causes about half of the full glacial-to-interglacial warming.
https://sites.google.com/site/thepa...ifferent-today-1/ice-ages-and-the-role-of-co2