All questions that can be answered through basic economics. I've discussed this endlessly on this forum. The markets, like all markets, are becoming more and more efficient. Most traders, not all, but most make their money in some shape or form by exploiting inefficiencies. All industries go through this cycle. Ultimately industries compete on cost and their end products are priced off their marginal cost curves. Over time some firms have the ability to lower their costs and therefore their prices. Firms eventually drop out of the market and the end result is Walmart or some form of Monopoly or Oligopoly.
that's all true... and exactly where did all of this peak "efficiency" come from?
HFTs and the free reign to front-run orders, manipulate price moves (endless flash-crash events happening all the time) and drain true liquidity from thinner markets (no fills unless you chase price) created this so-called "efficiency"
Now your second part of the statement there is equally true, to an extent. WalMart will not reign retail space forever and quite frankly perhaps not to the end of this decade. Nor will the HFT firms rule markets forever. The end result of their ultra-efficiency is an accelerating implosion of the markets.
Crude oil futures posted a 60-cent total range in the pit session yesterday, and 75-cent total range today. Both sideways chopped. CL traders used to step away from the desk to piss and refill their coffee cup, return to their seat and the market was 100 cents past where they left a few minutes before.
True volume across ALL markets is way down. Individual trader participation is at decade lows and worsening daily. Brokers are dwindling clients. New recruits to the trading industry are nil. Do you know what that spells? Peak efficiency... where eventually there is nothing left but mutual funds, hedge funds and HFT funds.
When the next true bear market occurs, what do you predict will happen to financial markets then? It'll look like the vacuum tube formerly known as Russell 2000 futures are in the present.
Not sour grapes on my part. Today I went -6 ticks, -2 ticks and +18 ticks per contract ES. Net +10 ticks on three turns, all shorts. My point is, the guys who all spout, "markets are the same as always" and markets have never been better" or "just adapt or perish" are glib.
Markets are not the same, they are nowhere even close to unchanged. Markets have changed dramatically if not drastically. And not everyone is capable of adaptation before ruin.